296 research outputs found
Using Large Language Models to Simulate Multiple Humans and Replicate Human Subject Studies
We introduce a new type of test, called a Turing Experiment (TE), for
evaluating how well a language model, such as GPT-3, can simulate different
aspects of human behavior. Unlike the Turing Test, which involves simulating a
single arbitrary individual, a TE requires simulating a representative sample
of participants in human subject research. We give TEs that attempt to
replicate well-established findings in prior studies. We design a methodology
for simulating TEs and illustrate its use to compare how well different
language models are able to reproduce classic economic, psycholinguistic, and
social psychology experiments: Ultimatum Game, Garden Path Sentences, Milgram
Shock Experiment, and Wisdom of Crowds. In the first three TEs, the existing
findings were replicated using recent models, while the last TE reveals a
"hyper-accuracy distortion" present in some language models.Comment: Added Turing Experiment (TE) framing and Wisdom of Crowds T
Creation of macroscopic quantum superposition states by a measurement
We propose a novel protocol for the creation of macroscopic quantum
superposition (MQS) states based on a measurement of a non-monotonous function
of a quantum collective variable. The main advantage of this protocol is that
it does not require switching on and off nonlinear interactions in the system.
We predict this protocol to allow the creation of multiatom MQS by measuring
the number of atoms coherently outcoupled from a two-component (spinor)
Bose-Einstein condensate.Comment: 4 pages (revtex4), 2 figure
Build-up of coherence between initially-independent subsystems: The case of Bose-Einstein condensates
When initially-independent subsystems are made to contact, {\it coherence}
can develop due to interaction between them. We exemplify and demonstrate this
paradigm through several scenarios of two initially-independent Bose-Einstein
condensates which are allowed to collide. The build-up of coherence depends
strongly on time, interaction strength and other parameters of each condensate.
Implications are discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
Determination of the dynamic Young's modulus of quantum materials in piezoactuator-driven uniaxial pressure cells using a low-frequency a.c. method
We report on a new technique for measuring the dynamic Young's modulus, ,
of quantum materials at low temperatures as a function of static tuning strain,
, in piezoactuator-driven pressure cells. In addition to a static
tuning of stress and strain, we apply a small-amplitude, finite-frequency a.c.
(1 Hz1000 Hz) uniaxial stress, , to
the sample and measure the resulting a.c. strain, , using a
capacitive sensor to obtain the associated modulus . We demonstrate the
performance of the new technique through proof-of-principle experiments on the
unconventional superconductor SrRuO, which is known for its rich
temperature-strain phase diagram. In particular, we show that the magnitude of
, measured using this a.c. technique at low frequencies, exhibits a
pronounced nonlinear elasticity, which is in very good agreement with previous
Young's modulus measurements on SrRuO under [100] strain using a d.c.
method (Noad et al., Science 382, 447-450 (2023)). By combining the new a.c.
Young's modulus measurements with a.c. elastocaloric measurements in a single
measurement, we demonstrate that these a.c. techniques are powerful in
detecting small anomalies in the elastic properties of quantum materials.
Finally, using the case of SrRuO as an example, we demonstrate how the
imaginary component of the modulus can provide additional information about the
nature of ordered phases.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure
Bose-Einstein condensates in a double well: mean-field chaos and multi-particle entanglement
A recent publication [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 140408 (2008)] shows that there
is a relation between mean-field chaos and multi-particle entanglement for BECs
in a periodically shaken double well. 'Schrodinger-cat' like mesoscopic
superpositions in phase-space occur for conditions for which the system
displays mean-field chaos. In the present manuscript, more general
highly-entangled states are investigated. Mean-field chaos accelerates the
emergence of multi-particle entanglement; the boundaries of stable regions are
particularly suited for entanglement generation.Comment: 5 Pages, 5 jpg-figures, to be published in the proceedings of the
LPHYS0
Realization of a single Josephson junction for Bose-Einstein condensates
We report on the realization of a double-well potential for Rubidium-87
Bose-Einstein condensates. The experimental setup allows the investigation of
two different dynamical phenomena known for this system - Josephson
oscillations and self-trapping. We give a detailed discussion of the
experimental setup and the methods used for calibrating the relevant
parameters. We compare our experimental findings with the predictions of an
extended two-mode model and find quantitative agreement
Non-equilibrium coherence dynamics in one-dimensional Bose gases
Low-dimensional systems are beautiful examples of many-body quantum physics.
For one-dimensional systems the Luttinger liquid approach provides insight into
universal properties. Much is known of the equilibrium state, both in the
weakly and strongly interacting regime. However, it remains a challenge to
probe the dynamics by which this equilibrium state is reached. Here we present
a direct experimental study of the coherence dynamics in both isolated and
coupled degenerate 1d Bose gases. Dynamic splitting is used to create two 1d
systems in a phase coherent state. The time evolution of the coherence is
revealed in local phase shifts of the subsequently observed interference
patterns. Completely isolated 1d Bose gases are observed to exhibit a universal
sub-exponential coherence decay in excellent agreement with recent predictions
by Burkov et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 200404 (2007)]. For two coupled 1d Bose
gases the coherence factor is observed to approach a non-zero equilibrium value
as predicted by a Bogoliubov approach. This coupled-system decay to finite
coherence is the matter wave equivalent of phase locking two lasers by
injection. The non-equilibrium dynamics of superfluids plays an important role
in a wide range of physical systems, such as superconductors, quantum-Hall
systems, superfluid Helium, and spin systems. Our experiments studying
coherence dynamics show that 1d Bose gases are ideally suited for investigating
this class of phenomena.Comment: to appear in natur
Comparative Study of Human and Automated Screening for Antinuclear Antibodies by Immunofluorescence on HEp-2 Cells
Background: Several automated systems had been developed in order to reduce inter-observer variability in
indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) interpretation. We aimed to evaluate the performance of a processing system in
antinuclear antibodies (ANA) screening on HEp-2 cells.
Patients and Methods: This study included 64 ANA-positive sera and 107 ANA-negative sera that underwent IIF on two
commercial kits of HEp-2 cells (BioSystems® and Euroimmun®). IIF results were compared with a novel automated
interpretation system, the “CyclopusCADImmuno®” (CAD).
Results: All ANA-positive sera images were recognized as positive by CAD (sensitivity = 100%), while 17 (15.9%) of the
ANA-negative sera images were interpreted as positive (specificity = 84.1%), =0.799 (SD=0.045). Comparison of IIF
pattern determination between human and CAD system revealed on HEp-2 (BioSystems®), a complete concordance in
6 (9.37%) sera, a partial concordance (sharing of at least 1 pattern) in 42 (65.6%) cases and in 16 (25%) sera the
pattern interpretation was discordant. Similarly, on HEp-2 (Euroimmun®) the concordance in pattern interpretation was
total in 5 (7.8%) sera, partial in 39 (60.9%) and absent in 20 (31.25%). For both tested HEp-2 cells kits agreement was
enhanced for the most common patterns, homogenous, fine speckled and coarse speckled. While there was an issue in
identification of nucleolar, dots and nuclear membranous patterns by CAD.
Conclusion: Assessment of ANA by IIF on HEp-2 cells using the automated interpretation system, the
“CyclopusCADImmuno®” is a reliable method for positive/negative differentiation. Continuous integration of IIF images
would improve the pattern identification by the CAD
- …