93 research outputs found
Beyond "black" & "white"
Die Diplomarbeit geht der Frage nach, inwieweit Literatur als Mittel zum interkulturellen Lernen im Englischunterricht dienen kann. Modelle des interkulturellen Lernens im Fremdsprachenunterricht werden beleuchtet. Weiters erfolgt eine Diskussion des rezeptionsÀsthetischen Lesens und seine Rolle im Zusammenhang mit interkulturellem Lernen. Die Didaktisierung anhand von Malorie Blackmans Roman Noughts and Crosses veranschaulicht die Theorie in der Praxis
Surface states, surface potentials, and segregation at surfaces of tin-doped InâOâ
Surfaces of InâOâ and tin-doped InâOâ (ITO) were investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy. Parts of the measurements were carried out directly after thin film preparation by magnetron sputtering without breaking vacuum. In addition samples were measured during exposure to oxidizing and reducing gases at pressures of up to 100Pa using synchrotron radiation from the BESSY II storage ring. Reproducible changes of binding energies with temperature and atmosphere are observed, which are attributed to changes of the surface Fermi level position. We present evidence that the Fermi edge emission observed at ITO surfaces is due to metallic surface states rather than to filled conduction band states. The observed variation of the Fermi level position at the ITO surface with experimental conditions is accompanied by a large apparent variation of the core level to valence band maximum binding energy difference as a result of core-hole screening by the free carriers in the surface states. In addition segregation of Sn to the surface is driven by the surface potential gradient. At elevated temperatures the surface Sn concentration reproducibly changes with exposure to different environments and shows a correlation with the Fermi level position
Transparent Conducting Oxides for Photovoltaics: Manipulation of Fermi Level, Work Function and Energy Band Alignment
Doping limits, band gaps, work functions and energy band alignments of undoped and donor-doped transparent conducting oxides Znâ, InâOâ, and SnOâ as accessed by X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS/UPS) are summarized and compared. The presented collection provides an extensive data set of technologically relevant electronic properties of photovoltaic transparent electrode materials and illustrates how these relate to the underlying defect chemistry, the dependence of surface dipoles on crystallographic orientation and/or surface termination, and Fermi level pinning
Neue HeldInnen : IdentitÀtsverlust und IdentitÀtsfindung zwischen den Welten
Welten im Rahmen fantastischer Literatur brechen an der einen oder anderen Stelle mit der auĂerliterarischen Welt und unterscheiden sich von ihr meist darin, dass sie als deviante Welten wahrgenommen und von den LeserInnen nicht mehr fĂŒr das Abbild der extrafiktionalen Welt gehalten werden. Ganz gleich, ob die fantastische Welt ihre Abweichung dadurch erhĂ€lt, da sie in einer fernen Zukunft oder einem alternierenden Geschichtsgang, einem anderen RealitĂ€tssystem oder gar einer ganz neu geschaffenen Umgebung angesiedelt ist, das "Andere" ist fĂŒr die Unterscheidung von der auĂerliterarischen RealitĂ€t notwendig. In manchen besonderen FĂ€llen ist die ErzĂ€hlung aber nicht auf bloĂ eine Welt beschrĂ€nkt, sondern breitet sich auf zwei oder mehrere Welten als Handlungsorte aus.
Parallelweltliteratur umfasst sowohl Texte, in denen durch das Einbrechen des wunderbaren Anderen eine "Welt in der Welt" erschaffen wird, Ă€hnlich wie es in Homers Odyssee, Swifts Gulliver's Travels, oder, um ein neueres Beispiel zu nennen, Neil Gaiman's Neverwhereder Fall ist, als auch jene Texte, in denen eine Welt gĂ€nzlich verlassen wird und sich der Handlungsort auf eine neue, von der ursprĂŒnglichen Welt abgekoppelte, alleine stehende Welt verlagert. Als Exempel hierfĂŒr wĂ€re neben James M. Barries Peter Pan auch das Grimm'sche MĂ€rchen der Frau Holle zu nennen. Im Folgenden wird das Augenmerk ausschlieĂlich auf Parallelwelttexten der letzteren Kategorie liegen, da also mindestens zweivon einander getrennte Welten als Handlungsort eingesetzt sind und da ein Wechsel der ProtagonistInnen zwischen den Welten die inhaltsgebende Struktur bringt
Electronic surface properties of rf-magnetron sputtered In2O3:Sn
Thin films of tin doped indium oxide (In2O3:Sn or ITO) were deposited by rf-magnetron sputtering from ceramic In2O3/SnO2 targets. Surface electronic properties were investigated using in situ photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, UPS). Bulk properties were analysed using electrical and optical measurements. While for a range of deposition parameters the ITO films clearly show degenerate bulk doping, the surfaces exhibit a Fermi level position well below the conduction band minimum
Electronic and Chemical Properties of Tin-Doped Indium Oxide (ITO) Surfaces and ITO/ZnPc Interfaces Studied In-situ by Photoelectron Spectroscopy
The chemical and electronic properties of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) surfaces and its interface with zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) were investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy partly excited by synchrotron radiation from the BESSY II storage ring. Preparation and analysis of ITO and ITO/ZnPc layer sequences were performed in-situ without breaking vacuum. The Fermi level position at the ITO surface varies strongly with oxygen content in the sputter gas, which is attributed to an increase of surface band bending as a consequence of the passivation of the metallic surface states of ITO. The shift of the Fermi level is accompanied by a parallel increase of the work function from 4.4 to 5.2 eV. No changes in the surface dipole are observed with an ionization potential of IP = 7.65 ± 0.1 eV. The barrier height for hole injection at the ITO/ZnPc interface does not vary with initial ITO work function, which can be related to different chemical reactivities at the interface
Chemical and electronic properties of the ITO/Al2O3 interface
The interface formation between transparent conducting Sn-doped indium oxide (ITO) and dielectric aluminium oxide has been studied by photoelectron spectroscopy using in situ sample preparation by magnetron sputtering. The electronic structure including band alignment, changes in Fermi level position and work function is determined. The changes of Fermi level are related to the deposition technique used
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