Has Algeria suffered from the dutch disease?

Algeria is strongly dependent on oil exports revenues to fuel its economy and following the 1986 oil counter-shock this country has experienced a persistent decline of its manufacturing sector. Although it has benefited from high oil prices over the last decades and implemented a myriad of economic reforms, Algeria has failed to develop its manufacturing sector and diversify its economy. One of the main mechanisms through which fluctuations in oil prices can constitute an impediment to the development of the manufacturing sector, and hence to long-term growth, in an economy that heavily relies on a natural resource exports is referred to in the literature as the Dutch disease. This paper aims to test whether or not Algeria’s economy has suffered from the main symptoms of this syndrome by analyzing data covering more than half-a-century. More specifically, we use annual data from 1960 to 2016 and investigate two important implications of this phenomenon that occur following an oil boom, namely, the spending effect and the resource movement effect. We perform some simple tests of these signs of the Dutch disease using a set of regressions while controlling for some other factors that could have led to similar economic symptoms. The results do not allow us to unambiguously claim that the Algerian economy has suffered from the Dutch disease over the period under study

Has Algeria suffered from the dutch disease?

Algeria is strongly dependent on oil exports revenues to fuel its economy and following the 1986 oil counter-shock this country has experienced a persistent decline of its manufacturing sector. Although it has benefited from high oil prices over the last decades and implemented a myriad of economic reforms, Algeria has failed to develop its manufacturing sector and diversify its economy. One of the main mechanisms through which fluctuations in oil prices can constitute an impediment to the development of the manufacturing sector, and hence to long-term growth, in an economy that heavily relies on a natural resource exports is referred to in the literature as the Dutch disease. This paper aims to test whether or not Algeria’s economy has suffered from the main symptoms of this syndrome by analyzing data covering more than half-a-century. More specifically, we use annual data from 1960 to 2016 and investigate two important implications of this phenomenon that occur following an oil boom, namely, the spending effect and the resource movement effect. We perform some simple tests of these signs of the Dutch disease using a set of regressions while controlling for some other factors that could have led to similar economic symptoms. The results do not allow us to unambiguously claim that the Algerian economy has suffered from the Dutch disease over the period under study

Has Algeria suffered from the dutch disease?

Algeria is strongly dependent on oil exports revenues to fuel its economy and following the 1986 oil counter-shock this country has experienced a persistent decline of its manufacturing sector. Although it has benefited from high oil prices over the last decades and implemented a myriad of economic reforms, Algeria has failed to develop its manufacturing sector and diversify its economy. One of the main mechanisms through which fluctuations in oil prices can constitute an impediment to the development of the manufacturing sector, and hence to long-term growth, in an economy that heavily relies on a natural resource exports is referred to in the literature as the Dutch disease. This paper aims to test whether or not Algeria’s economy has suffered from the main symptoms of this syndrome by analyzing data covering more than half-a-century. More specifically, we use annual data from 1960 to 2016 and investigate two important implications of this phenomenon that occur following an oil boom, namely, the spending effect and the resource movement effect. We perform some simple tests of these signs of the Dutch disease using a set of regressions while controlling for some other factors that could have led to similar economic symptoms. The results do not allow us to unambiguously claim that the Algerian economy has suffered from the Dutch disease over the period under study

The dynamics of the real purchasing power of Algeria's oil revenues

This paper seeks to evaluate the impact of Algeria’s international trade structure, characterized by a strong asymmetry between exports denominated almost exclusively in US dollars and imports invoiced in alternative currencies, on the real purchasing power of this country’s oil revenues.Using a 1970-2013 dataset, we construct, and adjust these revenues by means of, two indices. The first index captures the fluctuations in the value of the US dollar against a basket of currencies of Algeria’s main import partners.The second accounts for changes in the inflation passed through imports from these partners. We find a persistent loss in the real purchasing power of Algeria’s oil revenues, that however decreased, up to the late 1990s and then, thanks to a relatively stable imported inflation, turned into a gain after the year 2000. Besides allowing us to disentangle the effects of the US dollar fluctuations and the world inflation on the dynamics of the real purchasing power of Algeria’s oil revenues, our analysis cast some light on the genuine role oil resources have played in the development of this country’s economy over the last four decades

The impact of real oil revenues fluctuations on economic growth in Algeria: evidence from 1960-2015 data

This paper investigates the impact of real oil revenues fluctuations on economic growth in Algeria using data from 1960 to 2015. To shed some new light on this question, we use a measure of real oil revenues recently developed by Gasmi and Laourari (2015) that is endogenous to Algeria’s international trade structure. We apply the Johansen multivariate cointegration approach to analyze the short-run and the long-run dynamic relationship between real oil revenues and economic growth proxied by two variables, namely, real GDP and industrial sector growth. The cointegration analysis suggests that a long-run relationship exists between real oil revenues, real GDP, and industrial growth in Algeria. The impulse response function and the variance decomposition analysis suggest that the impact of unexpected shifts in real oil revenues on the country's economic and industrial growth is negative

The impact of real oil revenues fluctuations on economic growth in Algeria: evidence from 1960-2015 data

This paper investigates the impact of real oil revenues fluctuations on economic growth in Algeria using data from 1960 to 2015. To shed some new light on this question, we use a measure of real oil revenues recently developed by Gasmi and Laourari (2015) that is endogenous to Algeria’s international trade structure. We apply the Johansen multivariate cointegration approach to analyze the short-run and the long-run dynamic relationship between real oil revenues and economic growth proxied by two variables, namely, real GDP and industrial sector growth. The cointegration analysis suggests that a long-run relationship exists between real oil revenues, real GDP, and industrial growth in Algeria. The impulse response function and the variance decomposition analysis suggest that the impact of unexpected shifts in real oil revenues on the country's economic and industrial growth is negative

Methylglyoxal: a novel upstream regulator of DNA methylation.

peer reviewed[en] BACKGROUND: Aerobic glycolysis, also known as the Warburg effect, is predominantly upregulated in a variety of solid tumors, including breast cancer. We have previously reported that methylglyoxal (MG), a very reactive by-product of glycolysis, unexpectedly enhanced the metastatic potential in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. MG and MG-derived glycation products have been associated with various diseases, such as diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) exerts an anti-glycation defense by detoxifying MG to D-lactate. METHODS: Here, we used our validated model consisting of stable GLO1 depletion to induce MG stress in TNBC cells. Using genome-scale DNA methylation analysis, we report that this condition resulted in DNA hypermethylation in TNBC cells and xenografts. RESULTS: GLO1-depleted breast cancer cells showed elevated expression of DNMT3B methyltransferase and significant loss of metastasis-related tumor suppressor genes, as assessed using integrated analysis of methylome and transcriptome data. Interestingly, MG scavengers revealed to be as potent as typical DNA demethylating agents at triggering the re-expression of representative silenced genes. Importantly, we delineated an epigenomic MG signature that effectively stratified TNBC patients based on survival. CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the importance of MG oncometabolite, occurring downstream of the Warburg effect, as a novel epigenetic regulator and proposes MG scavengers to reverse altered patterns of gene expression in TNBC

Resistance to Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Cancer Is Connected to Methylglyoxal Stress and Heat Shock Response

peer reviewedPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal disease with poor prognosis. Gemcitabine is the first-line therapy for PDAC, but gemcitabine resistance is a major impediment to achieving satisfactory clinical outcomes. This study investigated whether methylglyoxal (MG), an oncometabolite spontaneously formed as a by-product of glycolysis, notably favors PDAC resistance to gemcitabine. We observed that human PDAC tumors expressing elevated levels of glycolytic enzymes together with high levels of glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), the major MG-detoxifying enzyme, present with a poor prognosis. Next, we showed that glycolysis and subsequent MG stress are triggered in PDAC cells rendered resistant to gemcitabine when compared with parental cells. In fact, acquired resistance, following short and long-term gemcitabine challenges, correlated with the upregulation of GLUT1, LDHA, GLO1, and the accumulation of MG protein adducts. We showed that MG-mediated activation of heat shock response is, at least in part, the molecular mechanism underlying survival in gemcitabine-treated PDAC cells. This novel adverse effect of gemcitabine, i.e., induction of MG stress and HSR activation, is efficiently reversed using potent MG scavengers such as metformin and aminoguanidine. We propose that the MG blockade could be exploited to resensitize resistant PDAC tumors and to improve patient outcomes using gemcitabine therapy

Has Algeria suffered from the dutch disease?

Algeria is strongly dependent on oil exports revenues to fuel its economy and following the 1986 oil counter-shock this country has experienced a persistent decline of its manufacturing sector. Although it has benefited from high oil prices over the last decades and implemented a myriad of economic reforms, Algeria has failed to develop its manufacturing sector and diversify its economy. One of the main mechanisms through which fluctuations in oil prices can constitute an impediment to the development of the manufacturing sector, and hence to long-term growth, in an economy that heavily relies on a natural resource exports is referred to in the literature as the Dutch disease. This paper aims to test whether or not Algeria’s economy has suffered from the main symptoms of this syndrome by analyzing data covering more than half-a-century. More specifically, we use annual data from 1960 to 2016 and investigate two important implications of this phenomenon that occur following an oil boom, namely, the spending effect and the resource movement effect. We perform some simple tests of these signs of the Dutch disease using a set of regressions while controlling for some other factors that could have led to similar economic symptoms. The results do not allow us to unambiguously claim that the Algerian economy has suffered from the Dutch disease over the period under study

Mechanisms of intestinal dysbiosis: new insights into tuft cell functions

International audienceSymbiosis between the host and intestinal microbial communities is essential for human health. Disruption in this symbiosis is linked to gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases, as well as extra-gastrointestinal diseases. Unbalanced gut microbiome or gut dysbiosis contributes in multiple ways to disease frequency, severity and progression. Microbiome taxonomic profiling and metabolomics approaches greatly improved our understanding of gut dysbiosis features; however, the precise mechanisms involved in gut dysbiosis establishment still need to be clarified. The aim of this review is to present new actors and mechanisms underlying gut dysbiosis formation following parasitic infection or in a context of altered Paneth cells, revealing the existence of a critical crosstalk between Paneth and tuft cells to control microbiome composition