53 research outputs found
Knowledge and the diversity of innovation systems: a comparative analysis of European regions
The main goal of this paper is to shed some light on European regional diversity in terms of knowledge accumulation and socio-economic performances. Dynamic links between knowledge, innovation and performance are complex to address because they take place in different contexts, involving heterogeneous agents interacting through different institutions. Studies on national systems of innovation (Edquist, 1997) stressed the role of the institutional context in these dynamics and identify various configurations associated with these national systems. This conceptual framework, used at the regional level, leads to the identification of regional systems of innovation (Cooke, 2001) and thus underlines the limits of a regional scoreboard only based on high-tech indicators as it is usually proposed. This paper constitutes a first attempt to propose a more exhaustive effort in characterizing the diversity of "regional knowledge an innovation systems" within Europe. The study is performed through data analysis using the conceptual framework of "social systems of innovation and production" (SSIP) proposed by Amable, Barré and Boyer (1997). A Social System of Innovation and Production can be defined as a coherent combination of different components referring to Science-technology-industry (STI) configurations articulated with financial system, labour relations, education and training and economic performances. This framework can be adapted at the regional level by identifying specific arrangements of each part of the system even if the concept of system is questionable at this level. The analysis is performed combining data from three sources (Eurostat, the Cambridge Econometrics database and OST (Observatoire des Sciences et des Techniques)) over a sample of NUTS-II european regions and using multivariate data analysis (principal component analysis, hierarchical anova). Putting together the SSIP and local economic performances allows defining different regional configurations in order to identify regional trajectories and patterns of articulation between knowledge dynamics and performance. Our hypothesis is that regional growth in not a problem of best practice but of coherent knowledge combination: institutional differences may lead similar (or different) STI structures to different (respectively same) performances.NARegional Innovation systems, Knowledge economy, Institutional diversity, European regions, Regional economic performances
Curved CMOS sensor: characterization of the first fully functional prototype
Many are the optical designs that generate curved focal planes for which field flattener must be implemented. This generally implies the use of more optical elements and a consequent loss of throughput and performances. With the recent development of curved sensor this can be avoided. This new technology has been gathering more and more attention from a very broad community, as the potential applications are multiple: from low-cost commercial to high impact scientific systems, to mass-market and on board cameras, defense and security, and astronomical community.
We describe here the first concave curved CMOS detector developed within a collaboration between CNRS-LAM and CEA-LETI. This fully-functional detector 20Mpix (CMOSIS CMV20000) has been curved down to a radius of R_c =150mm over a size of 24x32mm^2. We present here the methodology adopted for its characterization and describe in detail all the results obtained. We also discuss the main components of noise, such as the readout noise, the fixed pattern noise and the dark current. Finally we provide a comparison with the at version of the same sensor in order to establish the impact of the curving process on the main characteristics of the sensor
Curved sensors: experimental performance of CMOS prototypes and wide field related imagers
The emergence of curved sensors technologies opens a new way to design compact high-performance optical systems. Recent progress on the French activity on curved sensors are presented in terms of optical performance and experimental results. The existing prototypes are demonstrated at TRL4, for VIS and SWIR domains. We present the roadmap jointly developed by CEA and CNRS to reach a higher TRL either on the performance of the devices or on the mass production processes. We present the results obtained on two demonstrators
Tracking des transferts des bactéries porteuses de résistances entre animal, homme et environnement
Curved CMOS sensor: characterization of the first fully functional prototype
Many are the optical designs that generate curved focal planes for which field flattener must be implemented. This generally implies the use of more optical elements and a consequent loss of throughput and performances. With the recent development of curved sensor this can be avoided. This new technology has been gathering more and more attention from a very broad community, as the potential applications are multiple: from low-cost commercial to high impact scientific systems, to mass-market and on board cameras, defense and security, and astronomical community.
We describe here the first concave curved CMOS detector developed within a collaboration between CNRS-LAM and CEA-LETI. This fully-functional detector 20Mpix (CMOSIS CMV20000) has been curved down to a radius of R_c =150mm over a size of 24x32mm^2. We present here the methodology adopted for its characterization and describe in detail all the results obtained. We also discuss the main components of noise, such as the readout noise, the fixed pattern noise and the dark current. Finally we provide a comparison with the at version of the same sensor in order to establish the impact of the curving process on the main characteristics of the sensor
Deformable curved sensors : multidisciplinary applications
Depuis plusieurs annĂ©es, les dĂ©tecteurs courbes ont Ă©tĂ© proposĂ©s comme Ă©tant une nouvelle approche pour amĂ©liorer les performances des camĂ©ras. En courbant les dĂ©tecteurs, une des aberrations optiques, la courbure de champ, peut en effet ĂȘtre annulĂ©e, ce qui permet dâavoir une meilleure rĂ©solution ou dâutiliser moins de lentilles pour une mĂȘme qualitĂ© dâimage.Ce travail de thĂšse propose dâĂ©tudier cette approche, en essayant de prendre en compte les aspects mĂ©caniques, optiques et technologiques du systĂšme final. Tout dâabord, le lien entre la scĂšne et la courbure des capteurs est thĂ©orisĂ©. Ainsi, la position et la forme de lâobjet par rapport au systĂšme optique influent sur la valeur de courbure du capteur optimale. Une forte compacitĂ© est permise pour les systĂšmes optiques possĂ©dant cette courbure. Ces Ă©tudes thĂ©oriques permettent de crĂ©er une nouvelle mĂ©thodologie de conception optique. Celle-ci dĂ©bute par la dĂ©termination des limites mĂ©caniques du capteur, pouvant casser lorsque la courbure est Ă©levĂ©e. IntĂ©grant ces limites et les changements thĂ©oriques observĂ©s, une architecture optique est choisie, donnant de hautes performances en compacitĂ©, rĂ©solution et champ de vue. De nouvelles tolĂ©rances sont Ă©tablies pour la courbure. Ce systĂšme est ensuite fabriquĂ© pour ĂȘtre caractĂ©risĂ©. La forme des montre un lĂ©ger Ă©cart Ă la sphĂšre. La courbure nâa pas dâimpact significatif sur les performances Ă©lectro-optiques des dĂ©tecteurs. La qualitĂ© de lâimage caractĂ©risĂ©e est perturbĂ©e par des tilts ou dĂ©centrements probables. Enfin une caractĂ©risation utilisant un capteur plan et lâoptique imageant sur une surface courbe permet dâobtenir des informations sur la courbure idĂ©aleIn the past few years, curved sensors have been proposed to enhance optical systems. The curvature of these sensors improves off-axis aberrations, such as field curvature, which provides a better resolution and less complex optical systems.This work studies deformable and curved sensors development in a multidisciplinary approach. Firstly, scene and curved sensors are theoretically linked. The form and the position of the object change the curvature of the best image plane, leading to new relations adapted to optical systems with deformable sensors. Gains in compactness are also demonstrated. These investigations merge into a new methodology adapted to optical systems based on curved sensors that has been developed. The first step is to determine mechanical limits of the sensor such as maximum bending without breakage. Based on these limits, a new compact architecture is developed, providing high resolution and good field of view. New tolerances are determined to manufacture a system with its opto-mechanical mount. Finally, the entire imaging system is characterized. The form of the curved sensor is analyzed, showing few deviations from the ideal sphere. Electro-optical characterizations are realized and the image quality is determined according to the object distance, showing the effects of the deformable curvature. The ideal curved focal plane is also determined by combining a flat sensor to the manufactured optical syste
Analyse exploratoire de la diversité des systÚmes régionaux d'innovation en Europe.
International audienc
Territorial knowlegde dynamics in two competitiveness poles
EURODITE WP5 report, EURODITE Integrated Project (6th FP) - 37 page
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