Chlamydia trachomatis y Neisseria gonorrhoeae: prevalencia y relación con los datos clínicos de vaginitis

Antecedentes: estudios previos indican que la C. trachomatis y la N. gonorrhoeae son bacterias con alta prevalencia debido a que causan pocos síntomas y no se estudian específi camente. Objetivo: comparar la prevalencia de C. trachomatis y N. gonorrhoeae en mujeres con síntomas de vaginitis y asintomáticas. Pacientes y métodos: se estudiaron 200 pacientes y se dividieron en dos grupos: 100 mujeres con vaginitis y 100 mujeres asintomáticas. Se preguntó la edad, edad de inicio de vida sexual, portadoras de DIU, antecedente de vaginitis de repetición (tres veces o más en un año) y las características del endocérvix. Se tomaron dos muestras de secreción del endocérvix. La C. trachomatis se estudió con el estuche comercial MicrotraK Chlamydia trachomatis directa (Trinity Biotech, USA). Para la N. gonorrhoeae se hicieron cultivos en medio de agar chocolate y agar Thayer Martin. El análisis estadístico con la χ2. Resultados: La C. trachomatis se detectó en 40 mujeres con vaginitis y en 17 de las asintomáticas. No se aisló N. gonorrhoeae. Sólo el29% de las Chlamydia positivas tenía menos de 25 años. No hubo diferencia estadística entre C. trachomatis y el inicio temprano de la vida sexual y el uso de DIU. En 72 hubo el antecedente de vaginitis de repetición, con 46.7% de Chlamydia positivas, y 28% de las que no lo tenían (p < 0.01). De 69 con el endocérvix sangrante, 37 fueron positivas a C. trachomatis; en 131 sin alteraciones en endocérvix, sólo 20 tuvieron C. trachomatis (p < 0.01). Conclusiones: No encontramos N. gonorrhoeae. La C. trachomatis fue más frecuente en mujeres con síntomas de vaginitis, vaginitis de repetición y endocérvix sangrante

El impacto de la variable generacional en la formación de los comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional: El caso de una empresa siderúrgica internacional.

Currently the Organizational Citizenships Behavior (OCB) are factors that make organizational success, because they provide an access on environmental adaptation, further the age develops like an element that directly contribute on the productivity and the performance worker’s, this study analyzes the relationship between both variables, these in the providers that belong a valor chair on international steelmaking. It was designed a quantitative and transversal study, where was applied an instrument with 29 items, a total population of 87 provides of this company, likewise was realized a correlation analysis, like independent variable age, and dependent variable are OCB. The results are evidenced that independent variable doesn’t influence on the dependent variable because the significant levels are founded above the stipulated range.Actualmente los comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional (CCO). Son factores que produce el éxito organizacional, debido a que proporcionan un acceso en la adaptación del entorno. Así mismo la edad se desarrolla como un elemento que contribuye directamente en la productividad y el rendimiento de los trabajadores, el estudio analiza la relación entre ambos variables, esto en los proveedores que pertenecen a la cadenada de valor de una empresa siderúrgica internacionalmente. Se diseñó un estudio cuantitativo y transversal, donde se aplicó un instrumento con un total de 29 ítems, a un total de 87 proveedores de dicha empresa. Se realizaron análisis de correlación como variable independiente la variable generacional edad; la variable dependiente son los CCO. Los resultados evidenciaron que la variable independiente no influye en la variable dependiente, debido a que los niveles de significancia se encuentran por encima del rango estipulado

The bioactivity of plant extracts against representative bacterial pathogens of the lower respiratory tract

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Lower respiratory tract infections are a major cause of illness and death. Such infections are common in intensive care units (ICU) and their lethality persists despite advances in diagnosis, treatment and prevention. In Mexico, some plants are used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory diseases or ailments such as cough, bronchitis, tuberculosis and other infections. Medical knowledge derived from traditional societies has motivated searches for new bioactive molecules derived from plants that show potent activity against bacterial pathogens. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hexanic, chloroformic (CLO), methanolic (MET) and aqueous extracts from various plants used in Mexican traditional medicine on various microorganisms associated with respiratory disease.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>thirty-five extracts prepared from nine plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of respiratory infections were evaluated against 15 control bacterial species and clinical isolates.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Both chloroformic (CLO) and methanolic (MET) extracts of <it>Larrea tridentata </it>were active against Methicillin-resistant <it>S. aureus</it>, <it>B. subtilis </it>and <it>L. monocytogenes</it>. A MET extract of <it>L. tridentata </it>was also active against <it>S. aureus</it>, <it>S. pneumoniae</it>, <it>S. maltophilia</it>, <it>E. faecalis </it>and <it>H. influenzae </it>and the CLO extract was active against <it>A. baumannii</it>. An Aqueous extract of <it>M. acumitata </it>and a MET extract of <it>N. officinale </it>were active against <it>S. pneumoniae</it>. CLO and MET extracts of <it>L. tridentata </it>were active against clinical isolates of <it>S. aureus</it>, <it>S. pneumoniae </it>and <it>E. faecalis</it>.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Overall, our results support the potential use of <it>L. tridentata </it>as a source of antibacterial compounds.</p

A review of Helicobacter pyloridiagnosis, treatment, and methods to detect eradication

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) affects nearly half of the world’s population and, thus, is one of the most frequent and persistent bacterial infections worldwide. H. pylori is associated with peptic ulcer disease, gastric ulcers, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and gastric cancer. Various diagnostic methods exist to detect infection, and the choice of one method or another depends on several factors, such as accessibility, advantages and disadvantages of each method, cost, and the age of patients. Once H. pylori infection is diagnosed, the clinician decides whether treatment is necessity, according to the patient’s clinical condition. Typically, eradication of H. pylori is recommended for treatment and prevention of the infection. Cure rates with the standard triple therapy are acceptable, and effective quadruple therapies, sequential therapies, and concomitant therapies have been introduced as key malternatives to treat H. pylori infection. In this work, we review the main diagnostic methods used to identify H. pylori infection and to confirm eradication of infection. In addition, key factors related to treatment are reviewed

El Accountability manifestado en el comportamiento constructivo del líder en ambientes inciertos

The purpose of this exploratory study was to initiate a qualitative investigation regarding the influence of Accountability on the constructive behavior of the leader in uncertain environments in SMEs in the state of Nuevo León. Considering that the constructive behavior is the result of the observable behaviors of a leader that leads him to achieve positive objectives, we identify that this behavior is influenced by the elements of Accountability, which are leadership, constructive behavior and uncertainty. The study showed a low level of Accountability in the organization, thus identifying the need to train its staff at all levels, empowering them, so that Accountability is understood, thus generating a dynamic that would directly influence the company's results.El propósito de este estudio exploratorio fue para dar inicio a una investigación cualitativa con respecto a la influencia del Accountability en el comportamiento constructivo del líder en ambientes inciertos en PyMES en el estado de Nuevo León. Considerando que el comportamiento constructivo es el resultado de los comportamientos observables de un líder que lo lleva a lograr objetivos positivos, identificamos que este comportamiento se ve influenciado por los elementos de la Accountability, que son, liderazgo, comportamiento constructivo e incertidumbre. El estudio mostró un bajo nivel de Accountability en la organización por lo que se identifica la necesidad de capacitar a su personal de todos los niveles, empoderándolos, para que sea comprendido el Accountability, generando así una dinámica que influiría directamente en los resultados de la empresa

Microbiological and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood

Background: Among Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS), Staphylococcus hominis represents the third most common organism recoverable from the blood of immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to characterize biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, define the SCCmec (Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette mec) type, and genetic relatedness of clinical S. hominis isolates. Methodology: S. hominis blood isolates (n = 21) were screened for biofilm formation using crystal violet staining. Methicillin resistance was evaluated using the cefoxitin disk test and the mecA gene was detected by PCR. Antibiotic resistance was determined by the broth microdilution method. Genetic relatedness was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and SCCmec typed by multiplex PCR using two different methodologies described for Staphylococcus aureus. Results: Of the S. hominis isolates screened, 47.6% (10/21) were categorized as strong biofilm producers and 23.8% (5/21) as weak producers. Furthermore, 81% (17/21) of the isolates were methicillin resistant and mecA gene carriers. Resistance to ampicillin, erythromycin, and trimethoprim was observed in .70% of isolates screened. Each isolate showed a different PFGE macrorestriction pattern with similarity ranging between 0–95%. Among mecA-positive isolates, 14 (82%) harbored a non-typeable SCCmec type: eight isolates were not positive for any ccr complex; four contained the mec complex A ccrAB1 and ccrC, one isolate contained mec complex A, ccrAB4 and ccrC, and one isolate contained the mec complex A, ccrAB1, ccrAB4, and ccrC. Two isolates harbored the association: mec complex A and ccrAB1. Only one strain was typeable as SCCmec III. Conclusions: The S. hominis isolates analyzed were variable biofilm producers had a high prevalence of methicillin resistance and resistance to other antibiotics, and high genetic diversity. The results of this study strongly suggested that S. hominis isolates harbor new SCCmec structural elements and might be reservoirs of ccrC1 in addition to ccrAB1 and mec complex A