What Do the Markets Say? Shareholder Wealth Effects of the XBRL Mandate

We investigate the market reaction to legislative events pertaining to the eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) mandate. The SEC contends that requiring issuers to adopt XBRL for filing their financial statements would reduce information processing costs and improve market efficiency. In contrast, skeptics argue that the mandatory adoption of XBRL would impose substantial costs while providing few, if any, benefits to investors. Using stock returns from countries that did not mandate the adoption of XBRL to model normal U.S. returns, we provide evidence of a positive market reaction to legislative events related to the XBRL mandate. Moreover, we find that the abnormal returns to these events are increasing for firms with less accessible information, higher information asymmetry, greater information processing costs, and lower financial reporting transparency. Overall, our results suggest an expected net benefit to shareholders from the XBRL mandate

Versatile Boron Carbide-Based Energetic Time Delay Compositions

Pyrotechnic time delay compositions composed of boron carbide, sodium periodate, and polytetrafluoroethylene have been developed for use in the U.S. Army hand-held signal. The new compositions were developed to replace the currently used composition that contains potassium perchlorate and barium chromate, chemicals that are facing increasing regulatory scrutiny. Static tests in aluminum hand-held signal delay housings demonstrated a wide range of available inverse burning rates (1.3–20.8 s/cm), which includes the 7–8.5 s/cm range required for hand-held signals. The roles of loading pressure, mixture stoichiometry, and component particle size are described herein

Prototype Scale Development of an Environmentally Benign Yellow Smoke Hand-Held Signal Formulation Based on Solvent Yellow 33

We report herein the development of an environmentally benign yellow smoke formulation aimed to replace the environmentally hazardous mixture currently specified for the U.S. Army’s M194 yellow smoke hand-held signal. Static ignition test measurements have identified a replacement candidate that generates a robust fountain of yellow smoke, burning for 15 s from a consolidated cardboard tube configuration. This new formulation meets the burn time parameters outlined in the military requirement and is composed entirely of dry, powdered, solid ingredients without the need for solvent-based binders. In addition, this formulation was found to have relatively low sensitivity to impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge

Additional file 9: Figure S5. of Deep targeted sequencing of 12 breast cancer susceptibility regions in 4611 women across four different ethnicities

MAF distribution for SNVs in the 1000 Genomes Project but not in this study. (DOCX 49 kb

Additional file 7: of Medium throughput bisulfite sequencing for accurate detection of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine

csv sample running sheet. (CSV 19 kb