John Cage was a bastard!

The Second Viennese School was one of the most patriarchal groups of composers since J.S. Bach and his sons. They saw twelve-tone composition as strictly a family matter , with Schoenberg as the father of atonal thought (Smith, 270; Reich, 201). Papa Schoenberg continued to give fatherly advice to his children , little Alban and Anton, even after both had reached an age when they should have been ready to make their own way in the world. Yet behind the respectable facade of this family group lay the shameful secret of two illegitimate children - one literal, the other metaphorical. The first, Albine Berg, was born on December 4, 1902 to Marie Scheuchl, a servant in the Berg house (Perle, 256). The second, John Cage, was taught (and metaphorically fathered ) by Arnold Schoenberg in 1935-36 (Hicks, 128). Schoenberg and Berg were both reluctant to publicly acknowledge their indiscretions, but on closer inspection, the family resemblance becomes apparent. In establishing a metaphorical connection between Cage\u27s relationship with Schoenberg and Berg\u27s relationship with his daughter, I intend to establish the following facts: 1) Schoenberg\u27s relationship with his students generally was patriarchal. 2) Cage was to some extent rejected by Schoenberg, and thus unable to enter into the sort of relationship Schoenberg had with his legitimate sons - Berg and Webern. 3) The reason for this rejection was that Schoenberg did not consider Cage\u27s music to be legitimate, possibly because Cage\u27s Dada and Zen influences were too incompatible with Schoenberg\u27s teaching for a successful marriage to take place. 4) Despite their difficult relationship. Cage did inherit some things from Schoenberg. Certain similarities derive from Cage\u27s studies with Schoenberg, and are analogous to the resemblances between Alban and Albine Berg. Some aspects of the inheritance were free of intentions: Cage was as incapable of totally rejecting Schoenberg\u27s teaching as Albine Berg was incapable of choosing which genes to inherit from her father. 5) In some aspects of his compositions and his books. Cage deliberately set out to oppose Schoenberg\u27s teaching. However, a child who intentionally does the opposite of what his parents tell him to do is still clearly showing their influence (even if it is manifested in a negative way). In acting as a rebellious child. Cage can be seen as rebelling against the father who has condemned him as illegitimate

Sacred and Profane Space: Ritual Interaction and Process in the Newfoundland House Wake

This paper examines the spatial relationships which develop within the context of the traditional Newfoundland wake, including both the physical deployment of space during the wake and the practice of ritual separation during the symbolic "distancing" of the dead. These features are examined through a comparative analysis of wakes in both Catholic and Protestant communities. Résumé L'étude porte sur les relations spatiales qui s'établissent dans le contexte de la veillée funèbre traditionnelle à Terre-Neuve. Cette analyse comparative des veillées dans les communautés catholique et protestante examine surtout la façon d'occuper l'espace pendant la veillée, pendant le rite de passage, ainsi qu'au cours de Vêloignement" symbolique du défunt

Paleomagnetism of Middle Miocene Volcanic Rocks in the Mojave-Sonora Desert Region of Western Arizona and Southeastern California

Paleomagnetic directions have been obtained from 190 early to middle Miocene (12–20 Ma) mafic volcanic flows in 16 mountain ranges in the Mojave-Sonora desert region of western Arizona and southeastern California. These flows generally postdate early Miocene tectonic deformation accommodated by low-angle normal faults but predate high-angle normal faulting in the region. After detailed demagnetization experiments, 179 flows yielded characteristic directions interpreted as original thermal remanent magnetizations (TRM). Because of the episodic nature of basaltic volcanism in this region, the 179 flows yielded only 65 time-distinct virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs). The angular dispersion of the 65 VGPs is consistent with the angular dispersion expected for a data set that has adequately averaged geomagnetic secular variation. The paleomagnetic pole calculated from the 65 cooling unit VGPs is located at 85.5°N, 108.9° within a 4.4° circle of 95% confidence. This pole is statistically indistinguishable (at 95% confidence) from reference poles calculated from rocks of similar age in stable North America and from a paleomagnetic pole calculated from rocks of similar age in Baja California. The coincidence of paleomagnetic poles from the Mojave-Sonora desert region with reference poles from the stable continental interior indicates that (1) significant vertical axis net tectonic rotations have not accompanied post-middle Miocene high-angle normal faulting in this region; (2) there has been no detectable post-middle Miocene latitudinal transport of the region; and (3) long-term nondipole components of the middle Miocene geomagnetic field probably were no larger than those of the recent (0–5 Ma) geomagnetic field. In contrast, paleomagnetic data indicate vertical axis rotations of similar age rocks in the Transverse Ranges, the Eastern Transverse Ranges, and the Mojave Block. We speculate that a major structural discontinuity in the vicinity of the southeastward projection of the Death Valley fault zone separates western areas affected by vertical axis rotations from eastern areas that have not experienced such rotations

The Effects of Noise Due to Random Undetected Tilts and Paleosecular Variation on Regional Paleomagnetic Directions

Random tilting of a single paleomagnetic vector produces a distribution of vectors which is not rotationally symmetric about the original vector and therefore not Fisherian. Monte Carlo simulations were performed on two types of vector distributions: (1) distributions of vectors formed by perturbing a single original vector with a Fisher distribution of bedding poles (each defining a tilt correction) and (2) standard Fisher distributions. These simulations demonstrate that inclinations of vectors drawn from both distributions are biased toward shallow inclinations. There is a greater likelihood of statistically “drawing” a vector shallower than the true mean vector than of drawing one that is steeper. The estimated probability increases as a function of angular dispersion and inclination of the true mean vector. Consequently, the interpretation of inclination-only data from either type of distribution is not straightforward, especially when the expected paleolatitude is greater than about 50°. Because of the symmetry of the two distributions, declinations of vectors in each distribution are unbiased. The Fisher mean direction of the distribution of vectors formed by perturbing a single vector with random undetected tilts is biased toward shallow inclinations, but this bias is insignificant for angular dispersions of bedding poles less than 20°. This observation implies that the mean pole calculated from a large set of paleomagnetic directions obtained for coeval rocks over a region will be effectively unbiased by random undetected tilts of those rocks provided the angular dispersion of the undetected tilts is less than about 20°. However, the bias of the mean can be significant for large (\u3e20°) angular dispersion of tilts. The amount of bias of the mean direction maximizes at about 10°–12° in mid-latitude regions but is usually less than 8°. Consequently, large (\u3e12°) inclination discordances are probably not the result of random undetected tilts, even if the angular dispersion of the tilts exceeds 20°

How long is expectant management safe in first-trimester miscarriage?

More than 80% of women with a first-trimester spontaneous abortion have complete natural passage of tissue within 2 to 6 weeks with no higher complication rate than that from surgical intervention (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, based on multiple randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and cohort studies). Expectant management is successful within 2 to 6 weeks without increased complications in 80% to 90% of women with first-trimester incomplete spontaneous abortion and 65% to 75% of women with first-trimester missed abortion or anembryonic gestation (presenting with spotting or bleeding and ultrasound evidence of fetal demise) (SOR: B, based on multiple cohort studies). There is no difference in short-term psychological outcomes between expectant and surgical management (SOR: B, based on RCT). Women experiencing spontaneous abortion with unstable vital signs, uncontrolled bleeding, or evidence of infection should be considered for surgical evacuation (SOR: C, expert opinion)

Hairy Tongue

Hairy tongue (lingua villosa) is a commonly observed condition of defective desquamation of the filiform papillae that results from a variety of precipitating factors. [1] The condition is most frequently referred to as black hairy tongue (lingua villosa nigra); however, hairy tongue may also appear brown, white, green, pink, or any of a variety of hues depending on the specific etiology and secondary factors (eg, use of colored mouthwashes, breath mints, candies). [2, 3] See the images below

Power Relations and Social Mix in Metropolitan Neighbourhoods in North America and Europe: Moving Beyond Gentrification?

Research on spatial segregation has suggested that social mix may be a temporary phase in class displacement, where relations between different groups are at best divided or ‘tectonic’, for instance in England. Political and policy discourses, by contrast, tend to uncritically valorize social mix as a means to breaking up concentrations of poverty and providing neighbourhoods with a middle-class voice. In the literature, little attention has been paid to power dynamics in socially mixed neighbourhoods and the implications this may have for understanding theory and policy. The five articles that make up this symposium address the ways in which social and ethnic groups interact in major cities in Europe and North America and, as the title suggests, this involves taking into account power relations, domination and negotiation between the different groups. There is a need to connect the experience of the deployment of power within neighbourhoods (and between them) with the discussions of power mechanisms at work in wider urban processes

An Initial Look at America's Promise: Successes, Challenges and Opportunities

America's Promise is a pioneering initiative that seeks to address overall youth development by creating community-wide programming based on proven practices necessary for a successful childhood and adolescence. A few examples of these evidence-based program components include community service, mentoring and developing marketable skills. This brief report presents P/PV's preliminary analysis of how the effort took root in three Communities of Promise: Charlotte, North Carolina; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and San Francisco, California. It explores the successes, challenges and opportunities that have resulted from America's Promise