Channel Optical Waveguides and Directional Couplers in GaAs -- Imbedded and Ridged

Two-channel imbedded directional couplers were fabricated with proton implantation, yielding complete light transfer in 2 mm. Ridged channel guides were fabricated by ion-micromachining epitaxial layers, and a method of directional coupling was demonstrated

Astrobiology and the Human Exploration of Mars

In March 2007, the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG) chartered the Human Exploration of Mars Science Analysis Group (HEM-SAG), co-chaired by J. B. Garvin and J. S. Levine and consisting of about 30 Mars scientists from the U.S. and Europe. HEM-SAG was one of a half dozen teams charted by NASA to consider the human exploration of Mars. Other teams included: Mars Entry, Descent and Landing, Human Health and Performance, Flight and Surface Systems, and Heliospheric/Astrophysics. The results of these Mars teams and the development of an architecture for the human exploration of Mars were summarized in two recent publications: Human Exploration of Mars Design Reference Architecture 5.0, NASA Special Publication-2009-566 (B. G. Drake, Editor), 100 pages, July 2009 and Human Exploration of Mars Design Reference Architecture 5.0, NASA Special Publication-2009-566 Addendum (B. G. Drake, Editor), 406 pages, July 2009. This presentation summarizes the HEM-SAG conclusions on astrobiology and the search for life on Mars by humans

Theory and fabrication of integrated optics directional couplers in GaAs

Channel optical waveguide couplers will be discussed, citing the fabrication of closely-spaced waveguides by proton implantation. Coupling was observed at 1.15μ and 1.06μ

Diagnosis by consensus: A case study in the importance of interdisciplinary interpretation of mummified remains.

Objective: The goal of this study is to demonstrate the need for interdisciplinary consensus and inclusion of mummy radiology specialists in analyses of mummified remains. Materials: This study uses paleoimaging data for an ancient Egyptian mummy at the Museum of Human Anatomy “Filippo Civinini”. Methods: This study demonstrates the benefit of evaluation of mummified remains in a multi-disciplinary interpretive team. Results: The authors propose a diagnosis of DISH, additional signs of undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy, and lumbarisation of S1. Conclusions: The process of diagnosis by consensus is essential to the analysis of mummified remains, which are complexly altered through natural and anthropogenic processes in the millennia subsequent to the individual’s death. Significance: Mummy paleoimaging and paleopathology lacks a unifying set of standards. We present an example of the value to be found in the multi-disciplinary diagnosis by consensus approach. Limitations: We discuss numerous challenges to accurate and meaningful interpretation that radiography of mummified remains pose. Suggestions for Further Research: While the authors do not seek to impose any single set of standards, we do recommend a larger discussion on the topic of (culture-specific) standardisation in mummy paleoimaging and paleopathology. We further recommend the development of an international, multi-disciplinary panel of paleoimaging interpreters

Trimethoprim‐Sulfamethoxazole Activity and Pharmacodynamics against Glycopeptide‐Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90392/1/phco.22.12.983.33599.pd

Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter pulse width measurements and footprint-scale roughness

The Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) measured the pulse width and energy of altimetric laser returns during the course of two Mars years of operations. As secondary science objectives, MOLA obtains the footprint-scale roughness and the bidirectional reflectivity of Mars. MOLA underwent extensive preflight calibration and pulse measurements were monitored continuously in flight, but anomalous values of roughness have been inferred. A calibration of pulse widths using inflight data yields a slope-corrected roughness over ∼75-m-diameter footprints that may be used for quantitative geomorphic surface characterization, required, for example, for landing site selection. The recalibration uses a total least-squares estimation of pulse characteristics that generalizes the method of Abshire et al. [2000]. This method, utilizing the timing at voltage threshold crossings and the area between crossings, accounts for observation errors and shows that surface roughness as small as 1 m can be resolved

Isolation Effects on the Moon: High Topographic Slope Observations from the LRO and LOLA Instruments

The extremely low temperatures in the Moon's polar permanent shadow regions (PSR) has long been considered a unique factor necessary for entrapping volatile Hydrogen (H). However, recent discoveries indicate some H concentrations lie outside PSR, suggesting other geophysical factors may also influence H distributions. In this study we consider insolation and its resulting thermal effects as a loss/redistribution process influencing the Moon's near-surface < 1m volatile H budget. To isolate regional (5deg latitude band) insolation effects we correlate two data sets collected from the ongoing, 1.5 year long mapping mission of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). Epithermal neutron mapping data from the Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) is registered and analyzed in the context of slope derivations from Lunar topography maps produced by the Lunar Observing Laser Altimeter (LOLA). Lunar epithermal neutrons are inferred to be direct geochemical evidence for near-surface H due to the correlated suppression of surface leakage fluxes of epithermal neutrons with increased H concentration. Regional suppressions of neutrons seen in LEND maps are considered localized evidence of H concentration increase in the upper 1 m of the Lunar surface. To quantify spatially localized insolation effects, LEND data are averaged from sparsely distributed pixels, classed as a function of the LOLA slope derivations