TRADE GAINS AND WELFARE COSTS OF INCOME STABILIZATION PROGRAMS FOR HOG PRODUCERS IN QUEBEC

The welfare costs of deficiency payments for an exported commodity may, under certain conditions, outweigh the gains from trade. The potential welfare impacts of stabilization programs in the hog sector in Quebec are estimated, based on a partial equilibrium framework, and elasticity estimates drawn from other sources. The results indicate that the loss in surplus in Quebec as a result of deficiency payments is very modest at approximately $8.5 million or 1.7$14 million.Livestock Production/Industries,

The Demand for Wine Tourism in Canyon County, Idaho

Many commercial wineries produce a dual product: commercial wine and wine tourism. Since Idaho wineries charge no entry price, wine tourism demand can only be ascertained with a shadow price for winery visitation. Demand for wine tourism visits for Canyon County in southern Idaho was estimated using the travel cost method. Trip demand was inelastic (-0.4 to -0.6) with respect to own price. The average value of Canyon County wine tourism ranged from $6 to$12 per person per trip, depending upon the assumed opportunity cost of travel time. Elasticities of tastes and preferences, closely related goods, and income were estimated with a view to understanding the market for Idaho's emerging wine tourism industry.Travel cost model, Wine tourism, Wine marketing, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

VALUING IDAHO WINERIES WITH A TRAVEL COST MODEL

Many commercial wineries produce a dual product; commercial wine and wine tourism. Growth of wine tourism throughout the US has been phenomenal. In contrast to the price of wine, which is reflected in the market, the demand for wine tourism can be only ascertained with a shadow price for winery visitation. The demand for wine tourism visits for Canyon County in southern Idaho was estimated using the Travel Cost Method. The value of wine tourism in Canyon County was estimated to be $5.40 per person per trip and trip demand was highly inelastic at 0.5. Elasticities of other trip demand function variables were estimated and analyzed, with a view to informing the marketing of Idaho's emerging wine tourism industry.Community/Rural/Urban Development, Crop Production/Industries,

The Contribution of the Grape and Wine Industry to Idaho’s Economy: Agribusiness and Tourism Impacts

The impact of Idaho’s wine and grape industry was assessed as an agribusiness and as a tourist industry. Idaho’s grape and wine industry is in its infancy, with wine sales of $15 million from 15 wineries and growers cultivating about 1,000 acres, primarily in southwestern Idaho’s Canyon County. Synthesized output multipliers for wine tourism were virtually identical to the agribusiness output multipliers (1.86 and 2.10 for Canyon County and the state of Idaho, respectively). The wine and grape industry’s agribusiness impact is$15 million in sales and 120 jobs in Idaho, and $23 million and 140 jobs for Canyon County. In contrast, tourism expenditures stimulate other businesses in addition to the agribusiness linkages of grape and wine production. Thus, only about three-fourths of the current wine production would be required to be sold to out-of-region tourists to equal the impact of the wine and grape industry as an agribusiness industry.Idaho, impact analysis, input/output models, tourism, wine, wine agribusiness, Agribusiness, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Airfoil design utilizing parallel processors. II-Applications

Presented as Paper 95-0126 at the 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit January 9-12,1995 / Reno, NVThe article of record as published may be found at https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-126One test case and two airfoil design applications were performed utilizing a parallel optimization scheme coupled to different fiow solvers. Parallel processors use computational fluid dynamics to evaluate the aerodynamic performance of multiple geometries simultaneously. The test case designed an airfoil to match the pressure distribution corresponding to an airfoil of a known shape. A transonic design application varied an airfoil's shape to maximize its lift-to-drag ratio

Electron Detectors for Electron-Beam Testing of Ultra Large Scale Integrated Circuits

The increasing density of components in integrated circuits imposes severe constraints on conventional electron beam testers. The use of electron detectors consisting of combined electrostatic and magnetic fields has demonstrated improved performance over conventional electrostatic detectors. Such detectors also ease many of the practical difficulties associated with electron beam testing of Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) circuits. A detector using a single pole magnetic lens will be described and compared to detectors which use only electrostatic fields. The single pole lens detector has demonstrated superior performance to the electrostatic detector in terms of local field error and imaging resolution, allowing accurate measurements to be made on sub-micron structures

The development and evaluation of an alternative powder prepregging technique for use with LaRC-TPI/graphite composites

An alternative powder prepregging method for use with LaRC-TPI (a thermoplastic polyimide)/graphite composites is investigated. The alternative method incorporates the idea of moistening the fiber prior to powder coating. Details of the processing parameters are given and discussed. The material was subsequently laminated into small coupons which were evaluated for processing defects using electron microscopy. After the initial evaluation of the material, no major processing defects were encountered but there appeared to be an interfacial adhesion problem. As a result, prepregging efforts were extended to include an additional fiber system, XAS, and a semicrystalline form of the matrix. The semicrystalline form of the matrix was the result of a complex heat treating cycle. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the fiber/matrix adhesion was evaluated in these systems relative to the amorphous/XAS coupons. Based on these results, amorphous and semicrystalline/AS-4 and XAS materials were prepregged and laminated for transverse tensile testing. The results of these tests are presented, and in an effort to obtain more information on the effect of the matrix, remaining semicrystalline transverse tensile coupons were transformed back to the amorphous state and tested. The mechanical properties of the transformed coupons returned to the values observed for the original amorphous coupons, and the interfacial adhesion, as observed by SEM, was better than in any previous sample

Sustainable technology adoption: who and what matters in a farmer's decision?

EU milk quota removal brings a renewed focus on continued adoption of sustainable technologies. This article explores spatial effects in their adoption using Bayesian spatial probit models employing a representative sample of Irish dairy farms. We consider global and local spatial effects, and overcome a missing neighbour problem by implementing census data in our spatial weight matrix. The findings reveal that spatial effects spill over to neighbours and better educated farmers with larger more intensively managed farms are more likely to adopt. The article concludes with policy recommendations that arise from our spatial analysis