Links between Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction

Background. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) might occur within metabolic syndrome (MbS). One of the complications of T2D is an impaired (imp) cardiovascular autonomic function (CAF). Aims. In subjects with T2D and age ≤ 55 years, the prevalence of impCAF and its relationship with BMI, waist, HbA1c values, MbS, hypertension, and family history of T2D and/or hypertension were analysed. Methods. 180 subjects consecutively undergoing a day hospital for T2D were studied. The IDF criteria were used to diagnose MbS. To detect impCAF, 5 tests for the evaluation of CAF were performed with Cardionomic (Meteda, Italy). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results. The prevalence of impCAF and MbS were 33.9% and 67.8%, respectively. Among diabetics with impCAF, 86.9% had MbS. ImpCAF was significantly associated with MbS, overweight, and HbA1c > 7%. Both logistic (P = 0.0009) and Poisson (P = 0.0113) models showed a positive association between impCAF and MbS. The degree of ImpCAF showed a positive linear correlation with BMI and HbA1c values. Conclusions. The study demonstrates that glycaemic control and overweight influence CAF and that T2D + MbS is more strongly associated with impCAF than isolated T2D. We suggest that MbS not only increases the cardiovascular risk of relatively young subjects with T2D but is also associated with impCAF

Estabilidade de linguiça frescal elaborada com carne de caprinos de descarte sem adição de gordura sob armazenamento refrigerado.

Resumo: O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a viabilidade de produção de linguiça frescal elaborada com carne caprina de animais de descarte, sem adição de gordura suína na formulação, e determinar a estabilidade química e microbiológica deste produto durante o armazenamento à temperatura de 5ºC. As amostras foram avaliadas após 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias de armazenamento refrigerado quanto aos parâmetros de oxidação lipídica, pH e qualidade microbiológica. A composição centesimal foi analisada logo após a elaboração O produto apresentou umidade acima do limite máximo estabelecido pelo padrão de identidade e qualidade para linguiças. Não foram constatadas alterações significativas (p>0.05) com relação à oxidação lipídica nem com relação aos parâmetros microbiológicos avaliados. A utilização de carne caprina proveniente de animais de descarte na elaboração de linguiça frescal mostrou-se viável, resultando em um produto cárneo estável para os parâmetros analisados até 35 dias de armazenamento refrigerado. [Chemical and microbiological stability of fresh sausages without fat addition elaborated with meat from discarded goat and stored under refrigeration]. Abstract: The use of goat meat from discarded old animals in the manufacture of fresh sausages made without addition of pork fat was investigated to evaluate its chemical and microbiological stability under refrigeration storage at 5°C. Samples are analyzed at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of refrigeration storage in relation to microbiological, fat oxidation and pH parameters. The chemical composition was performes as soon as the sausages were produced. The product presented the level of moisture above the maximum limit settled by the legislation. The sausages were stable during the refrigeration storage in relation to lipid oxidation and microbiological growth. The use of goat meat from discarded animals showed to be a viable alternative, goat sausages present stability in relation to analyzed parameters until 28 days under refrigeration storage

Bile acids and gpbar-1: Dynamic interaction involving genes, environment and gut microbiome

Bile acids (BA) are amphiphilic molecules synthesized in the liver from cholesterol. BA undergo continuous enterohepatic recycling through intestinal biotransformation by gut microbiome and reabsorption into the portal tract for uptake by hepatocytes. BA are detergent molecules aiding the digestion and absorption of dietary fat and fat-soluble vitamins, but also act as important signaling molecules via the nuclear receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), and the membrane-associated G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR-1) in the distal intestine, liver and extra hepatic tissues. The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the BA pool is finely regulated to prevent BA overload and liver injury. By contrast, hydrophilic BA can be hepatoprotective. The ultimate effects of BA-mediated activation of GPBAR-1 is poorly understood, but this receptor may play a role in protecting the remnant liver and in maintaining biliary homeostasis. In addition, GPBAR-1 acts on pathways involved in inflammation, biliary epithelial barrier permeability, BA pool hydrophobicity, and sinusoidal blood flow. Recent evidence suggests that environmental factors influence GPBAR-1 gene expression. Thus, targeting GPBAR-1 might improve liver protection, facilitating beneficial metabolic effects through primary prevention measures. Here, we discuss the complex pathways linked to BA effects, signaling properties of the GPBAR-1, mechanisms of liver damage, gene-environment interactions, and therapeutic aspects

Vegetal burgers of cashew fiber and texturized soy protein.

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Compostos voláteis do sabor de pseudofrutos de cajueiro-anão precoce (Anacardium occidentale L.) CCP 76.

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