Regulations concerning natural swimming ponds in Europe: considerations on public health issues

Natural swimming ponds (NSPs) are a new type of recreational water facility characterized by the substitution of traditional disinfection with biodepuration. While this feature meets esthetic desires of users, specific concerns on public health issues have been raised by the scientific community and local authorities. The absence of a European directive applicable to these environments leaves each country without specific and harmonized indications. The present work describes the local/national policy situation, describing adopted parameters and monitoring activities. All documents underline the need for appropriate microbiological analysis and correct water management

Evaluation of an MPN test for the rapid enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospital waters.

In this study, the performance of a new most probable number (MPN) test (Pseudalert®/Quanti-Tray®) for the enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from hospital waters was compared with both international and national membrane filtration-based culture methods for P. aeruginosa: ISO 16266:2006 and UK The Microbiology of Drinking Water – Part 8 (MoDW Part 8), which both use Pseudomonas CN agar. The comparison based on the calculation of mean relative differences between the two methods was conducted according to ISO 17994:2014. Using both routine hospital water samples (80 from six laboratories) and artificially contaminated samples (192 from five laboratories), paired counts from each sample and the enumeration method were analysed. For routine samples, there were insufficient data for a conclusive assessment, but the data do indicate at least equivalent performance of Pseudalert®/Quanti-Tray®. For the artificially contaminated samples, the data revealed higher counts of P. aeruginosa being recorded by Pseudalert®/Quanti-Tray®. The Pseudalert®/Quanti-Tray® method does not require confirmation testing for atypical strains of P. aeruginosa, saving up to 6 days of additional analysis, and has the added advantage of providing confirmed counts within 24–28 hours incubation compared to 40–48 hours or longer for the ISO 16266 and MoDW Part 8 methods

Détection et étude de la survie de Listeria monocytogenes dans les boues d'épuration destinées à l'épandage

Le dénombrement des espèces de Listeria a été effectué dans des boues d'épuration de l'agglomération angevine à l'aide de la méthode du nombre le plus probable. La présence de , Listeria sp. a été observée dans tous les types de boues à des concentrations n'excédant pas 3 x 10 puissance 4 NPP g -1 de matière sèche. L'identification des souches isolées de boues a révélé la présence de L. innocrra, L. seeligeri, L. welshimeri et de l'espèce pathogène L. monocytogerees essentiellement représentée par des sérotypes impliqués dans des cas de listériose. L'utilisation d'une méthode d'immunocapture couplée à une détection spécifique de L. monocytogerees sur gélose Rapid'L.mono ou par PCR-ELISA a permis d'améliorer la détection spécifique de cette espèce et de réduire les délais d'analyse à 48 h. L'étude de la survie pendant six mois de deux souches virulentes de L. moreocytogerees dans des microcosmes dérivés de boues n'a pas révélé leur capacité à entrer à l'état viable non cultivable.Occurrence of Listeria sp. was studied in sewage sludge from three sewage treatment plants in the city of Angers and its suburb. Results have revealed the occurrence of these species in all types of sludge analysed for one year at concentrations inferior to 3 x 104 MPN g-1 dry matter. Among the strains isolated from sludge four Listeria species were identified : L. innocua, L. seeligeri, L. welshimeri and L. monocytogenes. Characterisation of L. monocytogenes strains has showed a predominance of serotypes frequently implicated in listeriose cases. The use of an immunocapture step coupled with a subsequent detection of L. monoçvtogenes on Rapid'L.mono agar or by PCR-ELISA improved the specific détection of this species in 48 h. The evaluation of the viability of two virulent strains of L. monocytogenes has shown that these two strains were not able to enter in viable but non culturable state in microcosm derived from sludge for six months.ANGERS-BU Lettres et Sciences (490072106) / SudocSudocFranceF

18. Réutilisation des eaux usées domestiques

Le cycle anthropique actuel de l’eau a été élaboré à partir de la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle. La conception hygiéniste a conduit au développement en ville de grands réseaux centralisés de distribution d’eau potable desservant tous les usages et de collecte et traitement de l'ensemble des eaux usées avant leur restitution à l’environnement (cf. I.8). En conséquence, la réglementation française relative à l'adduction* d'eau s'est focalisée sur la définition de critères de potabilité de l'ea..

Evaluation de la qualité de vie des adolescents atteints de maladie chronique (vers un outil de prise en charge pour le médecin généraliste)

PARIS7-Xavier Bichat (751182101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Prise en charge médicale et devenir social des enfants de la pouponnière de Lomé (Togo) (étude rétrospective sur une période de six ans)

La pouponnière de Lomé (Togo) accueille des enfants de moins de trois ans, orphelins de mère ou abandonnés. Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective (1997-2002) incluant 192 enfants. La prise en charge médicale s'est révélée satisfaisante en référence aux recommandations de l'OMS dans les pays en voie de développement. La prise en charge sociale intègre une réflexion par rapport au devenir des enfants, qui est envisagé dès leur arrivée (retour en famille, adoption). Les responsables de la pouponnière ont pris conscience de l'ampleur de l'infection VIH au Togo en 2001, quand ils ont imposé un dépistage systématique par sérologie VIH chez tous les enfants admis. Peu d'enfants se sont révélés infectés. Il n'existe pas de retentissement sur l'activité médicale mais des conséquences sociales émergent déjà. Pour améliorer la prise en charge de l'ensemble des enfants de la pouponnière, nous avons proposé quelques axes de développement envisageables à court terme, avec les moyens actuelsPARIS12-CRETEIL BU Médecine (940282101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Selection of Bacteriophages to Control In Vitro 24 h Old Biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Drinking and Thermal Water

International audienc

Occurrence de

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that naturally occurs in aquatic environments. This bacterium is adapted to oligotrophic environmental conditions and could be detected in drinking water systems. Although, water for human consumption is required to be free of any bacteria that might pose a health risk, P. aeruginosa is not included in parameters to be analyse and in a recent report the ANSES conclude that there is no proof that the normal use of contaminated drinking water can be a source of infection by oral route in the general population. This bacterium is mostly harmless for healthy people but must be regarded as a relevant opportunistic pathogen for sensitive human population especially for hospitalized people in intensive care unit. This bacterium is responsible for almost 10% of the hospital-borne infections and drinking water network inside the building is suspected to be a source and a reservoir of P. aeruginosa. Although the target level to achieve is the absence of P. aeruginosa at terminal point-of-use, several studies showed that 4.5 in 97% of water samples taken in intensive care units are contaminated by P. aeruginosa. The origin of patients’ contamination remained discussed but among exogen sources of contamination, tap water is often suspected to be a source and a reservoir for these opportunistic pathogens. Nevertheless control strategies are limited for drinking water and recurrent contamination of tap water remained unsolved. Water contamination could be explained by retrograde contamination and by colonization of taps. To better characterize the populations of P. aeruginosa present in biofilm drinking water networks, we developed a protocol to sample biofilm from taps. Assays were performed on biofilms established inside taps and on the surface of tap swirls. Mechanical action of glass beads was compared with swabbing and proved to have more efficiency in sampling biofilm on surface of tap swirls. The protocol was then adapted to sample biofilm in faucets. It consists in filling the tap to study with a mixture of sterile distilled water and borosilicate glass beads of 1 mm in diameter and then to perform a mechanical shaking of 3 minutes with a vortex. This protocol will be used to collect biofilm on terminal point-of-use and to compare occurrence of P. aeruginosa in this type of biofilm and in the biofilm established on plumbing material

Long Short Term Memory-based anomaly detection applied to an industrial dosing pump

International audienc