The Panic Defense and Model Rules Common Sense: A Practical Solution for a Twenty-first Century Ethical Dilemma

The attorney-client relationshipremains one of the mosthighly regarded associations in society and is ofindispensable importance for criminal defendants, but itis not a relationship that lasts forever. The Model Rules ofProfessional Conduct (Model Rules) not only allowbreaking this affiliation, but also sometimes demand it.Yet, in other circumstances, the Model Rules and judicialcustom may force an attorney to proceed with arepresentation-even in the face of fundamentaldisagreement with the core defense in a criminal case.Through the avenue of the gay panic defense, this Noteexplores how attorneys can become trapped between theirown moral beliefs and professional responsibilities, thusexposing a larger conflict in professional ethics. Howshould an attorney proceed when a case demands adefensive strategy that the attorney finds reprehensible?Should counsel set aside personal views, arguing the bestdefense for a client no matter how deep his disagreement?This Note demonstrates that the best interest of a clientmay, at times, be best served by allowing the attorney towithdraw. Therefore, this Note proposes amending theModel Rules to explicitly allow attorneys to withdraw inthe most extreme moral conflicts-an abort button to beused sparingly, but swiftly, so that a client\u27s interests canbe best served, even if by another lawyer

Strongly Coupled Matter-Field and Non-Analytic Decay Rate of Dipole Molecules in a Waveguide

The decay rate \gam of an excited dipole molecule inside a waveguide is evaluated for the strongly coupled matter-field case near a cutoff frequency \ome_c without using perturbation analysis. Due to the singularity in the density of photon states at the cutoff frequency, we find that \gam depends non-analytically on the coupling constant $\ggg$ as $\ggg^{4/3}$. In contrast to the ordinary evaluation of \gam which relies on the Fermi golden rule (itself based on perturbation analysis), \gam has an upper bound and does not diverge at \ome_c even if we assume perfect conductance in the waveguide walls. As a result, again in contrast to the statement found in the literature, the speed of emitted light from the molecule does not vanish at \ome_c and is proportional to $c\ggg^{2/3}$ which is on the order of $10^3 \sim 10^4$ m/s for typical dipole molecules.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Universal corrections to scaling for block entanglement in spin-1/2 XX chains

We consider the R\'enyi entropies $S_n(\ell)$ in the one dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg XX chain in a magnetic field. The case n=1 corresponds to the von Neumann ``entanglement'' entropy. Using a combination of methods based on the generalized Fisher-Hartwig conjecture and a recurrence relation connected to the Painlev\'e VI differential equation we obtain the asymptotic behaviour, accurate to order ${\cal O}(\ell^{-3})$, of the R\'enyi entropies $S_n(\ell)$ for large block lengths $\ell$. For n=1,2,3,10 this constitutes the 3,6,10,48 leading terms respectively. The o(1) contributions are found to exhibit a rich structure of oscillatory behaviour, which we analyze in some detail both for finite $n$ and in the limit $n\to\infty$.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figure

Nutrition Support in Acute Kidney Injury

Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication affecting many hospitalized patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Acute kidney injury often occurs in conjunction with critical illness, which is a hypermetabolic state presenting with hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and increased protein catabolism. In addition to addressing these changes, the clinician should evaluate the important nutrition implications of decreased kidney function. These include vitamins, electrolytes, minerals, trace elements, and the presence and type of renal replacement therapy. Optimal nutrition management in acute kidney injury includes providing adequate macronutrient support to correct underlying conditions and prevent ongoing loss, supplementing micronutrients and vitamins during renal replacement therapy, and adjusting electrolyte replacement based on the degree and extent of renal dysfunction

Pediculosis and the Pediatrician

Head lice commonly evoke feelings of disgust, revulsion, anger, and shame among parents and patients. There should, however, be no great cause for such alarm if a physician suspects pediculosis capitis. The recent introduction of several new pediculicidal drugs now allows a choice among four distinct therapeutic agents, which should substantially improve control of isolated cases and epidemics. Physicians must be aware that consumer groups are pressing public health authorities and drug manufacturers to establish proper treatment standards and safety warnings for the use of these agents. In addition, some controversy surrounds the use of lindane in children. This paper reviews the epidemiology and clinical appearance of pediculosis capitis in children, with emphasis on these recent developments. Pubic lice ( Phthirus pubis ) and body lice ( Pedicutus humanus corporis ), both of which are much less common pediatric infestations, are mentioned only briefly.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72607/1/j.1525-1470.1984.tb00447.x.pd

Demonstrating a superconducting dual-rail cavity qubit with erasure-detected logical measurements

A critical challenge in developing scalable error-corrected quantum systems is the accumulation of errors while performing operations and measurements. One promising approach is to design a system where errors can be detected and converted into erasures. A recent proposal aims to do this using a dual-rail encoding with superconducting cavities. In this work, we implement such a dual-rail cavity qubit and use it to demonstrate a projective logical measurement with erasure detection. We measure logical state preparation and measurement errors at the $0.01\%$-level and detect over $99\%$ of cavity decay events as erasures. We use the precision of this new measurement protocol to distinguish different types of errors in this system, finding that while decay errors occur with probability $\sim 0.2\%$ per microsecond, phase errors occur 6 times less frequently and bit flips occur at least 170 times less frequently. These findings represent the first confirmation of the expected error hierarchy necessary to concatenate dual-rail erasure qubits into a highly efficient erasure code

The Panic Defense and Model Rules Common Sense: A Practical Solution for a Twenty-first Century Ethical Dilemma

The attorney-client relationshipremains one of the mosthighly regarded associations in society and is ofindispensable importance for criminal defendants, but itis not a relationship that lasts forever. The Model Rules ofProfessional Conduct (Model Rules) not only allowbreaking this affiliation, but also sometimes demand it.Yet, in other circumstances, the Model Rules and judicialcustom may force an attorney to proceed with arepresentation-even in the face of fundamentaldisagreement with the core defense in a criminal case.Through the avenue of the gay panic defense, this Noteexplores how attorneys can become trapped between theirown moral beliefs and professional responsibilities, thusexposing a larger conflict in professional ethics. Howshould an attorney proceed when a case demands adefensive strategy that the attorney finds reprehensible?Should counsel set aside personal views, arguing the bestdefense for a client no matter how deep his disagreement?This Note demonstrates that the best interest of a clientmay, at times, be best served by allowing the attorney towithdraw. Therefore, this Note proposes amending theModel Rules to explicitly allow attorneys to withdraw inthe most extreme moral conflicts-an abort button to beused sparingly, but swiftly, so that a client\u27s interests canbe best served, even if by another lawyer