Rewards, Challenges, Approaches and Solutions for Developing the Soos Creek Bioassessment TMDL

The focus of this presentation is to outline the development of Washington State’s first bioassessment TMDL. Under section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act and supporting regulations (40 CFR 130.7), states are charged with developing a list of impaired and threatened waters requiring a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). Impaired waters are those not meeting one or more of the applicable Water Quality Standards, including designated uses, narrative criteria and numeric criteria. If biological assessment indicates a waterbody is impaired, the waterbody is included on the state’s section 303(d) list and prioritized for TMDL development. The Soos Creek watershed has Category 5 listings for temperature and dissolved oxygen and the upcoming draft Water Quality Assessment will have three Category 5 listings for bioassessment. The goal of this TMDL is to protect the aquatic life uses through implementation of allocations that address temperature, dissolved oxygen and aquatic health impairments in the basin. The aquatic life uses being protected include the five species of Pacific salmon (Chinook, coho, chum, pink and sockeye), steelhead and cutthroat trout, and a diverse benthic macroinvertebrate community consisting of long-lived and pollutant intolerant species. The Clean Water Act calls for an integrated strategy to restore the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of surface waters. Bioassessment will enhance the DO and temperature TMDLs and provide an important tool to measure improvements in the aquatic life use. This innovative aquatic health TMDL consists of selecting a target B-IBI score to fully support beneficial uses and develop hydrologic allocations and achievable implementation measures within the Soos Creek watershed. The purpose of this presentation is to talk about the process, challenges, approaches and solutions used to develop the first bioassessment TMDL in Washington State

Test Procedure for Conducted Energy Weapons

Several studies have discussed the need for reliable uniform testing of Conducted Energy Weapons (CEWs) independent of the manufacturer. We propose a test proceedure that will enable organizations across Canada to test CEWs in a reliable, repeatable manner. This proceedure includes, but goes beyond, the one proposed by the manufacturer. Test results so obtained will also enable: acceptance and regular validation of function of weapons in inventories of police service; post incedent testing to determine whether the weapon was functioning normally; collection of weapons data across Canada to allow research on trends with age of weapon or other factors related to performance. The authors represent a group of subject matter experts who have been involved in research on or testing of CEWs

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure