Linguistic diversity and national unity: Sustainable demographic development of multi-ethnic population in Russia

© 2015, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved. The article exemplifies controversial features in the linguistic development of the multiethnic population of Russia in the Volga Federal District, predominantly in the Republic of Tatarstan1; it analyzes the roles titular and official languages of the Russian Federation play in different spheres of life.The surveys held in Tatarstan over the last decade prove that enthusiasm of the ethnic ‘Renaissance’ of late 1990s has been changed by a disappointing estimation of Tatar still playing the role of a means of communication for a limited ethnic community, not viewed by the ethic population as one of the main elements of their ethnic identity. There is evidence that failure to ensure the revival and intergenerational transmission of the Tatar language (one of the most developed in the Volga Federal Region and Russia) may accelerate negative demographic shifts and further reduction of the ethnic language functions. The authors consider the present situation in Tatarstan to be caused by the lack of language policy coordination on three levels: federal, local and individual (family). It is suggested that to ensure the ethnic and language reproduction in a federal state, language regulations initiatives are to be based on the concept of the languages being ‘inherent property’ of an ethnos, the most important qualitative characteristic of a state of the ethnos, and essential grounds for its existence and development. Sustainable ethno-linguistic reproduction and native languages preservation are viewed by the authors possible due to implementation of the idea of linguistic federalism and development of ethnic linguistic identity

The current status of orbital experiments for UHECR studies

Two types of orbital detectors of extreme energy cosmic rays are being developed nowadays: (i) TUS and KLYPVE with reflecting optical systems (mirrors) and (ii) JEM-EUSO with high-transmittance Fresnel lenses. They will cover much larger areas than existing ground-based arrays and almost uniformly monitor the celestial sphere. The TUS detector is the pioneering mission developed in SINP MSU in cooperation with several Russian and foreign institutions. It has relatively small field of view (+/-4.5 deg), which corresponds to a ground area of 6.4x10^3 sq.km. The telescope consists of a Fresnel-type mirror-concentrator (~2 sq.m) and a photo receiver (a matrix of 16x16 photomultiplier tubes). It is to be deployed on the Lomonosov satellite, and is currently at the final stage of preflight tests. Recently, SINP MSU began the KLYPVE project to be installed on board of the Russian segment of the ISS. The optical system of this detector contains a larger primary mirror (10 sq.m), which allows decreasing the energy threshold. The total effective field of view will be at least +/-14 degrees to exceed the annual exposure of the existing ground-based experiments. Several configurations of the detector are being currently considered. Finally, JEM-EUSO is a wide field of view (+/-30 deg) detector. The optics is composed of two curved double-sided Fresnel lenses with 2.65 m external diameter, a precision diffractive middle lens and a pupil. The ultraviolet photons are focused onto the focal surface, which consists of nearly 5000 multi-anode photomultipliers. It is developed by a large international collaboration. All three orbital detectors have multi-purpose character due to continuous monitoring of various atmospheric phenomena. The present status of development of the TUS and KLYPVE missions is reported, and a brief comparison of the projects with JEM-EUSO is given.Comment: 18 pages; based on the rapporteur talk given by M.I. Panasyuk at ECRS-2014; v2: a few minor language issues fixed thanks to the editor; to be published in the proceeding

Analysis of nonlinear optical materials properties by simple powder technique

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The article describes a simple technique for comparative analysis of the second harmonic generation properties of new samples and etalon materials by their powders. The effectiveness of the method was tested and and measuring of nonlinear coefficient and damage threshold of the well known materials: KDP, LiIO3, m-nitroaniline was demonstrated. The parameters of the new promising nonlinear material DNPAP were measured

Spectroscopy and stimulated emission of Nd3+ in an acentric CsY2F7 host

The results of preliminary spectroscopic studies of new fluoride single-crystal CsY2F7 that is activated by Nd3+ ions are given. Direct evidence for the possibility of application of this ordered material as a laser host is given for the first time to our knowledge. Stimulated emission of Nd3+ ions on the main intermultiplet transition is obtained under both nonselective flash-lamp pumping conditions and continuous Ar ion laser pumping conditions. © 1992 Optical Society of America

Dynamic NMR study of cyclic derivatives of pyridoxine

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. A series of pyridoxine derivatives was investigated by 1H and 2D nuclear overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY) NMR. The free energies of activation for the pyridyl-oxygen rotation of the 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether of the seven-membered acetals of pyridoxine were measured by dynamic NMR. A conformational exchange between the chair and twist forms of the seven-membered acetal ring was confirmed by dynamic NMR and STO3G computations

Dynamic NMR study of cyclic derivatives of pyridoxine

A series of pyridoxine derivatives was investigated by 1H and 2D nuclear overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY) NMR. The free energies of activation for the pyridyl-oxygen rotation of the 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether of the seven-membered acetals of pyridoxine were measured by dynamic NMR. A conformational exchange between the chair and twist forms of the seven-membered acetal ring was confirmed by dynamic NMR and STO3G computations. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Dynamic NMR study of dinitrophenyl derivatives of seven-membered cyclic ketals of pyridoxine

© 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Two pyridoxine derivatives containing a dinitrophenyl moiety were investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Conformational dynamics in solution were studied for each compound using dynamic NMR experiments. It was shown that both compounds studied are involved into two conformational exchange processes. The first process is a transformation of the seven-membered cycle conformation between the enantiomeric P-twist and M-twist forms, and the second is a rotation of the dinitrophenyl fragment of the molecules around the C-O bond. Energy barriers of both conformational transitions were determined