Perception des Anglais et des Irlandais dans la littérature française à l'époque des Lumières

Gargett Graham. Perception des Anglais et des Irlandais dans la littérature française à l'époque des Lumières. In: Cahiers de l'Association internationale des études francaises, 2002, n°54. pp. 211-231

Jean-Louis Lecointe et les propositions pour rétablir le protestantisme (1766-68)

In 1766 the French government, acutely aware of problems caused by anti-Protestant legislation (in particular the worrying spread of illegal marriages and baptisms at potentially rebellious assemblées du désert), commissioned a secret report from the Conseiller d'État Gilbert de Voisins. The documents on which he based his recommendations are of great interest. Two of them emanated from a Protestant representative, Jean-Louis Lecointe, close to the Prince de Conti. Lecointe shows considerable diplomacy, but also firmness. While prepared to condemn illegal assemblies, to accept the pre-eminence of the Catholic Church, and even the maintenance of tithes, he demands the restoration of Protestant public worship, the presence in France of pastors, and even the creation of Protestant universities to train them. These documents thus show that certain Huguenot circles were far from being prepared to accept almost any settlement with the government, as has sometimes been suggested.Gargett Graham. Jean-Louis Lecointe et les propositions pour rétablir le protestantisme (1766-68). In: Dix-huitième Siècle, n°34, 2002. Christianisme et Lumières, sous la direction de Sylviane Albertan-Coppola et Antony McKenna. pp. 201-212

Jacob Vernet, Geneva and the philosophes

Jacob Vernet (1698-1789) was the most important and influential Genevan pastor of his day, successively holding the posts of Professor of Belles-Lettres (1739) and of Theology (1756) at the city’s Académie. A ‘liberal’ theologian, he had personal contacts with several of the leading philosophes, all of which turned sour after a time. This book describes Vernet’s contacts with Montesquieu, d’Alembert, Voltaire and Rousseau. It also investigates a charge made repeatedly by his enemies, namely that he was a hypocrite who disguised his real beliefs. Vernet’s religious and philosophical opinions are thus reviewed as expressed in his major works, Traité de la vérite de la religion chrétienne, Instruction chrétienne and Lettres critiques d’un voyageur anglais. The connection between Vernet’s ideas and the social and political situation in his native Geneva is also studied in depth. The pastor’s relations with Montesquieu have often been seen as a cause for congratulation, for he edited the first edition of De l’Esprit des lois, but a close reading of Montesquieu’s correspondence shows that this episode was far from being an unqualified success. Similarly, Vernet’s contacts with Rousseau give pause for thought: the relevant evidence that he was on occasion somewhat devious in his dealings with the great author is reviewed comprehensively. Particular attention is given to Vernet’s relations with Voltaire. In 1760 the pastor was vilified in the second of the Dialogues chrétiens, accused of greed and dishonesty. But did Voltaire actually write the second Dialogue? If not, who did? These intriguing questions are discussed in detail, special attention being given to Vernet’s own essays of self-justification, the Lettre à Monsieur le Premier Sindic (1760) and Mémoire à Mr. le Premier Sindic (1766, both of which are reproduced in appendices. Jacob Vernet’s long life and many works give a fascinating insight into the problems and inconsistencies of liberal Protestantism during the various stages of the Enlightenment. Abbreviations Preface and acknowledgements 1. The early years: education, travel and first contacts with Voltaire (1698-1733) 2. Vernet’s career develops: theologian, professor of Belles-lettres, author and editor (1733-1754) 3. The rift with Voltaire begins (1754-1760) 4. The Dialogues chrétiens and Vernet’s reply 5. Voltaire, Vernet and the theatre 6. The authorship of the Dialogues chrétiens 7. The Lettres critiques d’un voyaguer anglais 8. Vernet and Rousseau 9. Hostilities with Voltaire continue 10. The last years Appendices Bibliography Index <br/

Voltaire and Protestantism

Acknowledgements Prefatory note Table of abbreviations 1. Introduction 2. Voltaire and the Reformation i. The background to the Reformation ii. Luther's reform iii. The Reformation spreads iv. Voltaire's attitude to the Reformation 3. Voltaire, the Reformers, their doctrines, and the ethos of Protestantism i. Luther ii. Zwingli and the minor reformers iii. Calvin iv. Protestant morality v. Protestant theology vi. The benefits of Erastianism 4. Protestantism in Holland i. The enigma of Dutch toleration ii. The Dutch character 5. Voltaire and Switzerland i. The first months: uneasy peace ii. Lausanne iii. The first shots against Calvinism: 'l'âme atroce' iv. The 'sociniens honteux' v. The Saurin affair vi. Ferney - splendid isolation vii. Jacob Vernet (1698-1789) viii. Jacob Vernes (1728-1791) ix. Elie Bertrand (1713-1797) x. Allamand (1709-1784) xi. Paul Moultou (1731-1787) xii. Geneva and Voltaire: the social and political element xiii. Antoine xiv. The Questions sur les miracles xv. Conclusion 6. Protestantism in France: a civil disaster i. The French Reformation and the civil wars ii. The repeal of the Edict of Nantes and the Camisard uprising 7. Voltaire and the églises du désert: contemporary French Protestantism and the struggle for toleration i. Before 1754 ii. 1754 - 1762 iii. The Rochette case iv. The Calas case: Voltaire's attitude crystallises v. The consequences of the Calas case: initial optimism vi. Fluctuating hopes and fortunes: 1764-1766 vii. Voltaire and Protestant assemblies viii. Voltaire, Gilbert de Voisin's Mémoires, and L'Ingenu ix. The last years x. Voltaire's influence on the Protestant clergy xi. Voltaire and Gal-Pomaret xii. The Huguenots' ridiculous characteristics 8. Protestantism in England: an enviable compromise i. The development of toleration in England ii. Quakers: the perfect pacifists iii. Voltaire and the English Protestant influence iv. Anglicanism: an example for the French 9. Conclusion i. Voltaire's God: a reassessment ii. Voltaire and Protestantism: a temporary alliance Appendix 1 The Saurin affair and the Colloques of Lausanne, Vevey and Aigle Appendix 2 References to the Calas and Sirven affairs in Voltaire's correspondence Appendix 3 Protestant reaction to the Traité sur la tolérance and the identity of the pastors consulted during its preparation Appendix 4 Le Siècle de Louis XIV: additions to and alterations of chapter 26 ('Du Calvinisme au temps de Louis XIV') Appendix 5 A possible source for the Anglican clergyman Freind List of works cited and consulted Inde

Voltaire et l'affaire Saurin

Graham Gargett : Voltaire and the Saurin affair. New light is thrown on the Saurin affair by the unpublished minutes of the Colloque of Lausanne ; at its meeting in September 1758 it censured Polier de Bottens and two other pastors for a certificate, published by V. in the 1757 Cramer edition of his Works, to rehabilitate the pastor J. Saurin who had left Vaud in 1689 after an accusation of theft. This certificate denied the existence of a letter by Saurin, supposedly written just before his death and published by the Mercure suisse in 1736, admitting his guilt. The allegation that V. had destroyed the incriminating letter (in Bottens' keeping) is seen to be unfounded. The anonymous author of a letter published in the Mercure suisse in October 1758 attacking Saurin, V. and the three pastors was probably Jean-Pierre Leresche, an important pastor in the Lausanne area. This affair interrupted Bottens' compromising contacts with V.Gargett Graham. Voltaire et l'affaire Saurin. In: Dix-huitième Siècle, n°10, 1978. Qu'est-ce que les Lumières ? pp. 417-433

Estimating the Emission Reduction Potential of Australian Transport

Abstract: The Australian Low Carbon Transport Forum (ALCTF) – initiated by ARRB Group, BITRE and CSIRO – was organised to gather knowledge on possible options for transport emission abatement, with the participation of a diverse range of government, industry, academic and other research organisations. The ALCTF aimed: to generate a list of options with the potential to significantly improve the efficiency of the Australian transport sector; identify the possible magnitude of greenhouse gas emission reductions for each option, both individually and when combined; examine challenges to achieving the options’ full potential and investigate any uncertainties, especially concerning their likely effectiveness. This interdisciplinary study analysed a wide range of emission abatement prospects, covering vehicle and fuel technologies, infrastructure improvements and land-use planning, travel demand management, mode shifts and other behavioural change. A novel aggregation process was developed, to estimate the maximal potential reduction, by 2050, from a full package of measures acting together – with the results demonstrating that large reductions in currently projected greenhouse gas emission levels should be technically feasible, even with increasing population, without sacrificing access to transport services. Citation: Cosgrove, D., Gargett, D., Evans, C. & Graham, P. (2014). Estimating the Emission Reduction Potential of Australian Transport. In: Campbell P. and Perez P. (Eds), Proceedings of the International Symposium of Next Generation Infrastructure, 1-4 October 2013, SMART Infrastructure Facility, University of Wollongong, Australia

Neotropical primates : a journal of the Neotropical Section of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group

ObjectiveTo undertake a comprehensive analysis of the biochemical tissue composition and passive biomechanical properties of ovine vagina and relate this to the histo-architecture at different reproductive stages as part of the establishment of a large preclinical animal model for evaluating regenerative medicine approaches for surgical treatment of pelvic organ prolapse.MethodsVaginal tissue was collected from virgin (n = 3), parous (n = 6) and pregnant sheep (n = 6; mean gestation; 132 d; term = 145 d). Tissue histology was analyzed using H+E and Masson's Trichrome staining. Biochemical analysis of the extracellular matrix proteins used a hydroxyproline assay to quantify total collagen, SDS PAGE to measure collagen III/I+III ratios, dimethylmethylene blue to quantify glycosaminoglycans and amino acid analysis to quantify elastin. Uniaxial tensiometry was used to determine the Young's modulus, maximum stress and strain, and permanent strain following cyclic loading.ResultsVaginal tissue of virgin sheep had the lowest total collagen content and permanent strain. Parous tissue had the highest total collagen and lowest elastin content with concomitant high maximum stress. In contrast, pregnant sheep had the highest elastin and lowest collagen contents, and thickest smooth muscle layer, which was associated with low maximum stress and poor dimensional recovery following repetitive loading.ConclusionPregnant ovine vagina was the most extensible, but the weakest tissue, whereas parous and virgin tissues were strong and elastic. Pregnancy had the greatest impact on tissue composition and biomechanical properties, compatible with significant tissue remodeling as demonstrated in other species. Biochemical changes in tissue protein composition coincide with these altered biomechanical properties