Early diagnosis HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in cardiomyopathy, a chance to treat and reduce morbidity and mortality

Background: Cardiomyopathy as a diagnosis almost signifies a kind of end stage disease of the myocardium. With conditions like hypertension, diabetes and ischemic heart disease on the rise, we are seeing a large number of cases diagnosed as cardiomyopathy, most common presenting feature being Heart failure. Echocardiography (ECG), is non-invasive and easily available and can pick up early signs of failure in the form of diastolic and systolic dysfunction. To study patients with cardiac symptoms, by clinical, ECG, and Echocardiography parameters.Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study of 50 patients aged 18-80 years with cardiac symptoms (dyspnoea, palpitations, pedal odema) was carried out over a period of 3 years in a semi-urban Medical College Hospital in Western Maharashtra. Patients of Acute coronary disease, valvular and congenital heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were excluded from the study. Data collected, tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis.Results: Our study of 50 patients had 50% Diabetic and 42% Hypertensive patients. 2D echo findings were clinically significant in the form of diastolic dysfunction (36%), systolic dysfunction (12%). Ejection fraction (EF) was significantly reduced, in most patients, but 4% patients had HFpEF, i.e. EF=55% and 24% had EF between 30-55%Conclusions: Our study of 50 patients of Cardiomyopathy had more hypertensives and diabetics, and most of them less than 60 years of age and mostly male. HFpEF was detected in 4% and 76% had EF30-60% and 24% had EF<30%. Diastolic dysfunction was diagnosed in more than half and systolic dysfunction in few on ECG. 

RNA matrix models with external interactions and their asymptotic behaviour

We study a matrix model of RNA in which an external perturbation acts on n nucleotides of the polymer chain. The effect of the perturbation appears in the exponential generating function of the partition function as a factor $(1-\frac{n\alpha}{L})$ [where $\alpha$ is the ratio of strengths of the original to the perturbed term and L is length of the chain]. The asymptotic behaviour of the genus distribution functions for the extended matrix model are analyzed numerically when (i) $n=L$ and (ii) $n=1$. In these matrix models of RNA, as $n\alpha/L$ is increased from 0 to 1, it is found that the universality of the number of diagrams $a_{L, g}$ at a fixed length L and genus g changes from $3^{L}$ to $(3-\frac{n\alpha}{L})^{L}$ ($2^{L}$ when $n\alpha/L=1$) and the asymptotic expression of the total number of diagrams $\cal N$ at a fixed length L but independent of genus g, changes in the factor $\exp^{\sqrt{L}}$ to $\exp^{(1-\frac{n\alpha}{L})\sqrt{L}}$ ($exp^{0}=1$ when $n\alpha/L=1$)Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, 2 table

Tunneling of a large spin via hyperfine interactions

We consider a large spin \bf S in the magnetic field parallel to the uniaxial crystal field, interacting with N >> 1 nuclear spins \bf I_i via Hamiltonian \cal H = -DS_z^2 - H_zS_z+ A{\bf S}\cdot \sum_{i=1}^N {\bf I}_i with A << D, at temperature T. Tunneling splittings and the selection rules for the resonant values of H_z are obtained perturbatively. The quantum coherence exists at T << ASI while at T >= ASI the coherence is destroyed and the relaxation of \bf S is described by a stretched dependence which can be close to log t under certain conditions. Relevance to Mn-12 acetate is discussed.Comment: 5 PR pages, 4 figures, submitted to PR

Macroscopic Quantum Coherence in a Magnetic Nanoparticle Above the Surface of a Superconductor

We study macroscopic quantum tunneling of the magnetic moment in a single-domain particle placed above the surface of a superconductor. Such a setup allows one to manipulate the height of the energy barrier, preserving the degeneracy of the ground state. The tunneling amplitude and the effect of the dissipation in the superconductor are computed.Comment: RevTeX, 4 pages, 1 figure. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization of spin Hamiltonians

The Bohr-Sommerfeld rule for a spin system is obtained, including the first quantum corrections. The rule applies to both integer and half-integer spin, and respects Kramers degeneracy for time-reversal invariant systems. It is tested for various models, in particular the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model, and found to agree very well with exact results.Comment: Revtex 4, no figures, 1 tabl

Decoherence in Ion Trap Quantum Computers

The {\it intrinsic} decoherence from vibrational coupling of the ions in the Cirac-Zoller quantum computer [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 74}, 4091 (1995)] is considered. Starting from a state in which the vibrational modes are at a temperature $T$, and each ion is in a superposition of an excited and a ground state, an adiabatic approximation is used to find the inclusive probability $P(t)$ for the ions to evolve as they would without the vibrations, and for the vibrational modes to evolve into any final state. An analytic form is found for $P(t)$ at $T=0$, and the decoherence time is found for all $T$. The decoherence is found to be quite small, even for 1000 ions.Comment: 11 pages, no figures, uses revte

Quantum Nucleation in a Ferromagnetic Film Placed in a Magnetic Field at an Arbitrary Angle

We study the quantum nucleation in a thin ferromagnetic film placed in a magnetic field at an arbitrary angle. The dependence of the quantum nucleation and the temperature of the crossover from thermal to quantum regime on the direction and the strength of the applied field are presented. It is found that the maximal value of the rate and that of the crossover temperature are obtained at a some angle with the magnetic field, not in the direction of the applied field opposite to the initial easy axis.Comment: 15 pages, RevTex, 3 PostScript figures. To appear in Phys. Rev.

Quantum Coherence Oscillations in Antiferromagnetic Chains

Macroscopic quantum coherence oscillations in mesoscopic antiferromagnets may appear when the anisotropy potential creates a barrier between the antiferromagnetic states with opposite orientations of the Neel vector. This phenomenon is studied for the physical situation of the nuclear spin system of eight Xe atoms arranged on a magnetic surface along a chain. The oscillation period is calculated as a function of the chain constant. The environmental decoherence effects at finite temperature are accounted assuming a dipole coupling between the spin chain and the fluctuating magnetic field of the surface. The numerical calculations indicate that the oscillations are damped by a rate $\sim (N-1)/ \tau$, where $N$ is the number of spins and $\tau$ is the relaxation time of a single spin.Comment: 10 pages, Latex, two postscript figures; submitted to Phys. Rev.

Anisotropic Homogeneous Turbulence: hierarchy and intermittency of scaling exponents in the anisotropic sectors

We present the first measurements of anisotropic statistical fluctuations in perfectly homogeneous turbulent flows. We address both problems of intermittency in anisotropic sectors and hierarchical ordering of anisotropies on a direct numerical simulation of a three dimensional random Kolmogorov flow. We achieved an homogeneous and anisotropic statistical ensemble by randomly shifting the forcing phases. We observe high intermittency as a function of the order of the velocity correlation within each fixed anisotropic sector and a hierarchical organization of scaling exponents at fixed order of the velocity correlation at changing the anisotropic sector.Comment: 6 pages, 3 eps figure

Nonadiabatic Landau Zener tunneling in Fe_8 molecular nanomagnets

The Landau Zener method allows to measure very small tunnel splittings \Delta in molecular clusters Fe_8. The observed oscillations of \Delta as a function of the magnetic field applied along the hard anisotropy axis are explained in terms of topological quantum interference of two tunnel paths of opposite windings. Studies of the temperature dependence of the Landau Zener transition rate P gives access to the topological quantum interference between exited spin levels. The influence of nuclear spins is demonstrated by comparing P of the standard Fe_8 sample with two isotopically substituted samples. The need of a generalized Landau Zener transition rate theory is shown.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure