In Vitro Anti Microbial Activity of Roylea elegans, Chrozophora tinctoria, and Daphniphyllum himalaense

Herbal combination plays a major role in enhancing the activity due to its synergetic effects. Many well-known plants possess their antibacterial activity individually, and a combination of these may lead to the better efficacy of results. Plants belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae and Laminaceae possess an excellent antibacterial effect against various bacteria. However, secondary metabolites like; terpenes, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds are well for their free radical scavenging activity, which may inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Thus, the combination of these herbal plants is evaluated for antibacterial activity using hydrogel forms solution

Outcomes following abdominal sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse

Background: Hysterectomy is one of the most performed surgical procedures during lifetime. Almost 10% of women who have had a hysterectomy because of prolapse symptoms. Sacrocolpopexy (sacral colpopexy) is a surgical technique to repair pelvic organ prolapses. Specifically, it is intended to address apical or vaginal vault prolapse in women with lower perioperative morbidity, shorter hospital stay and allows a long-term anatomical restoration. It provides excellent apical support with lower rate of recurrence. Aim of present study was to assess the efficiency of conventional method of sacrocolpopexy and to assess the follow up complaints of patients.Methods: This study is conducted in maternal and child health wing of Sarojini Naidu medical college from June 2019 till December 2019. Sacrospinous fixation was performed with conventional needle holder as compared to Miya hook. Data were collected from participants using a structured questionnaire. Follow up was conducted at 6 weeks and 12 weeks.Results: In this study there were 43.3% pre menopausal patients and 53.6% menopausal patients. Maximum patients were multiparous i.e. para 2 (36.6%). Maximum patient belongs to POP Q stage 3. After 6 weeks of surgery maximum patients had pain in abdomen i.e. 3.33%, dyspareunia 8.33% and 100% success rate of sacropexy.Conclusions: Sacrocolpopexy is a cost effective and safe procedure with high anatomical cure and patient satisfaction rate and low intra-operative and. postoperative complications as well as recurrence rates

Using different surgical techniques and ideas to reduce post-operative adhesion formation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Adhesion development is the most common sequelae of intra-abdominal and pelvic surgery. Using a good surgical technique is advocated as a first step in preventing adhesions. However, the evidence for different surgical techniques to reduce adhesion formation needs confirmation. This review contributed to the growing knowledge pool by elucidating factors that potentially predispose to the development of adhesions. A literature search was performed using the PubMed database for all relevant English language articles and were reviewed with particular attention to predisposing factors to post-operative adhesion development. In addition, the reference lists of each article were reviewed to identify additional relevant articles. Various factors have been shown to directly increase the risk of post-operative adhesion development; namely, certain genetic polymorphisms in the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, increased estrogen exposure, and endometriosis. There were 28 papers with 27 studies included for a systematic review. Of these, 17 studies were eligible for meta-analysis and 11 for qualitative assessment only. None of the techniques that were compared significantly reduced the incidence of adhesive small bowel obstruction. In a small low-quality trial, the pregnancy rate increased after subserous fixation of suture knots. However, the incidence of adhesions was lower after laparoscopic compared with open surgery (relative risk (RR): 0.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03-0.61) and when the peritoneum was not closed (RR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.21-0.63). None of the specific techniques that were compared reduced the two main adhesion-related clinical outcomes, small bowel obstruction and infertility

Foley catheter with vaginal prostaglandin E2 gel versus vaginal prostaglandin E2 gel alone for induction of labour: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Induction of labour is significant when continuing pregnancy possess adverse effect on health of mother and her unborn baby. Different methods have been used for induction of labour. At present there is very less literature regarding simultaneous use of Foleys catheter and PGs.  The present study was done to compare the efficacy of using intracervical Foleys catheter and PGE2 gel simultaneously versus PGE2 gel alone for induction of labour.Methods: Prospective study, conducted in department of obstetrics and gynaecology for duration of 6 months. 100 women requiring induction of labour were included in the study and were randomly divided into two groups. 50 women were included in group A (simultaneous use of intracervical Foley catheter with PGE2 gel) and 50 women were included in Group B (intravaginal insertion of PGE2 gel only).Results: Maternal age, gestation age, parity, indication of induction and primary Bishops score were comparable in both the groups. Mean induction to active phase interval in both groups which was 5.8±0.80 hours in Group A and 6.23±0.40 hours in Group B. Also mean time taken from induction to delivery in Group A was 10.08±5.6 hours and in Group B was 14.6±6.9 hours which was significantly less in Group A. The rate of vaginal delivery in group A and Group B was 66% and 58% respectively which was slightly more in Group A but was not significant.Conclusions: In the present study we conclude that simultaneous use of mechanical method with Foleys catheter and PGE2 gel is better and more effective method for induction of labour than PGE2 alone. However, large sample size is required to reach more confirmatory results

An Improved Association Rule Mining Technique Using Transposed Database

Discovering the association rules among the large databases is the most important feature of data mining. Many algorithms had been introduced by various researchers for finding association rules. Among these algorithms, the FP-growth method is the most proficient. It mines the frequent item set without candidate set generation. The setbacks of FP growth are, it requires two scans of overall database and it uses large number of conditional FP tree to generate frequent itemsets. To overcome these limitations a new approach has been proposed by the name TransTrie, it will use the reduced sorted transposed database. After this it will scan the database and generate a TRIE, in the same step it will also compute the occurrences of each item. Then, using Depth first traversal it will identify the maximal itemsets, from which all frequent itemsets are derived using apriori property.  It also counts the support of frequent itemsets which are used to find the valuable association rules

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Indian women

Background: Vitamin D is the widespread nutritional deficiency in India yet it has been widely undiagnosed and untreated. Nowadays its deficiency has become the widely investigational topic as the role of vitamin D deficiency has been identified in various disorders.Methods: In order to study the prevalence of vitamin d in our study (level <20 ng/ml) the 1052 women attending the clinic are taken into the consideration and the levels of vitamin d are done in them irrespective of the symptom.Results: In our study the 1052 women attending the clinic were taken and it was found that the prevalence of vitamin D level <20 ng/ml was 64.06% and the level of vitamin D <30 ng/ml was 98.75% and it was higher in younger (65.51%), illiterate (89.92%), housewife women (70%) and its prevalence was higher in women residing in rural areas (69.94%) and also having an income <10,000 (61.96%).Conclusions: Thus it was concluded the cut off level for the vitamin D deficiency level should be revised in according to the need of the people of India as the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in our study could be the result of our being over concerned and the internationally set up criteria for its deficiency and also ICMR should also revise the recommend daily allowance to include daily recommendation of vitamin D level

Efficacy and safety of the trans-obturator tape for female stress urinary incontinence

Background: To assess the safety and efficacy of Trans-obturator tape (TVT-O) for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Methods: A cohort of 35 cases of SUI and underwent TVT-O procedure over a period of 4 years. Pre-operative evaluation included pelvic examination, one hour pad test, urodynamic study, urinary diary and baseline haematological tests. Post-operatively all women had post-void residual volume and were followed up for 3 years.Results: The mean age of the patients was 47±9.5 years. TVT-O alone was done in 58.1% of cases. 41.9% of cases had TVT-O done as a concomitant procedure. The median duration of follow-up was 48 months. The overall objective and subjective cure rate was 92.3% with failure rate of 7.7%, 12.9% of women reported post-operative thigh pain and 6.5% patients had immediate post-operative urinary retention. 16.1% of the patients had post-operative voiding dysfunction. No major complications were encountered in these patients.Conclusions: TVT-O is a safe, easy and effective minimally invasive procedure for female SUI with minimal acceptable complications

Role of ferric carboxymaltose in battle with anemia among north Indian pregnant women

Background: Anemia among pregnant women is a serious global health concern. Anemia is a major hematological, nutritional deficiency but still a manageable health problem among the pregnant women and very common in developing countries like India in under privileged population. Increased morbidity and mortality is seen in pregnant women and their foetuses suffering from anemia. Aim of this study was to study safety and efficacy of injection ferric carboxymaltose in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia. Methods: This is a Prospective interventional comparative randomized study carried among antenatal women in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, S. N. Medical College, Agra from (May 2021-October 2022), comprised of 200 pregnant women divided into two groups. Group A-100 antenatal women were transfused with iron sucrose (IS), Group B-100 antenatal women were transfused with ferric carboxymaltose (FCM). Results: In FCM group after 3 weeks of post transfusion hemoglobin level was 10.5±0.44 and in iron sucrose group it was 9.9±0.59 (p=0.0001). 6 week post transfusion hemoglobin level in FCM group was 11.37±0.62 and in iron sucrose group it was 10.45±0.59 (p=0.0001). Average rise in hemoglobin in FCM group after 3 week post transfusion was 2.9±0.02 and after 6 week it was 3.77±0.16. In iron sucrose group at 3 week it was 2.1±0.06 and at 6 week it was 2.65±0.04. The average rise in hemoglobin level was greater among patients of FCM compared to Iron sucrose group. Conclusions: Ferric carboxymaltose was safe and more effective in treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnant women as compared to iron sucrose with lesser side effect and better patient compliance

Chronic pelvic pain in women: comparative study between ultrasonography and laparoscopy as diagnostic tool

Background: Chronic pelvic pain is a major cause of morbidity among the reproductive age group women. The study on patients of chronic pelvic pain aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and laparoscopy in these patientsMethods: The study was conducted on 100 patients of chronic pelvic pain attending the gynaecology outdoor and were subjected to thorough clinical examination followed by ultrasonography and laparoscopic examination.Results: Maximum number of cases of chronic pelvic pain belonged to 25-30 years, were parous with mean duration of pain of 15.2 months. The most common complaint was vaginal discharge (70%) followed by menstrual irregularity. On clinical examination, pelvic tenderness was observed in majority (60%) of cases. USG examination showed chronic pelvic inflammatory disease in 43% cases followed by myoma (8%), ovarian cyst (5%), endometriosis (6%), pelvic congestion (5%) and no abnormal pathology in 25% cases. On laparoscopic examination, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease was present in 47% cases followed by endometriosis (11%), pelvic congestion (8%), myoma (8%), adhesions (7%) while 13% cases showed normal findings.Conclusions: Laparoscopy is more effective than ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool in patients of chronic pelvic pain.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of single dose intravenous iron carboxymaltose verses multidose iron sucrose in post-partum cases of severe iron deficiency anemia

Background: Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide. Anemia is the most common treatable, direct/indirect cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries like India.Methods: 100 cases with iron deficiency anemia in post-partum patient were selected from postpartum wards and assigned in two groups of 50 each. In group A iron carboxymaltose injection administered by intravenous infusion up to a maximum single dose of 20 ml of iron carboxymaltose injection (1000 mg of iron). In group B Iron sucrose was given as 200mg elemental iron (2 ampules of 5 ml) in 100ml of 0.9% normal saline infusion over 1 5 min alternate days up to 5 days. All patients were monitored for rise in hemoglobin level and any adverse effect at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks of iron therapy.Results: In group A mean Hemoglobin level rise is 3.95 g/dl and in group B it is 3.32 g/dl at 4 weeks of initial therapy. In group A 100% cases achieved target hemoglobin at 12 weeks after therapy while in group B 98% cases achieved target hemoglobin at 12 weeks after therapy. In group A 12% cases have grade 1 adverse reaction while in group B 20% cases have adverse reaction.Conclusions: Administration of intravenous iron has a good clinical result, with minimum adverse reactions. Thus we can conclude that intravenous ferric carboxymaltose therapy is safe, convenient, more effective and faster acting than intravenous iron sucrose for treatment of severe iron deficiency anemia in postpartum patient