An empirical investigation of Barriga’s mediational model of moral cognition and antisocial behaviour: Moral reasoning recognition versus response generation assessments in models for general delinquency and sexually coercive behaviours

In an attempt to understand how moral cognitions influence individual’s choices to engage in antisocial behaviours, Barriga et al. (2001) created a cognitive developmental model. The main goal of the present study was to replicate Barriga’s et al. (2001) updated model (Beerthuizen & Brugman, 2013) and extend their work by applying the model to sexually coercive behaviours. To investigate these associations, 123 participants completed online questionnaires that measured moral value evaluation, moral reasoning, moral identity, criminogenic cognitions and self-reported delinquent behaviours, including sexually coercive behaviours. Additionally, hostile attitudes towards men/women and desirable responding where measured and were used as control variables. Results showed that moral value evaluation was completely mediated by moral reasoning, more identity, and criminogenic cognitions. Additionally, criminogenic cognitions had a significant direct effect on deviant behaviours. The secondary goal of the current study was to gain insight into the concurrent validity of a relatively new recognition moral reasoning measure the SRM-SFO (Basinger et al., 2007) by comparing it to a well-established production moral reasoning measure the SRM-SF (Gibbs et al., 1992). Results demonstrated a weak non-significant relation between the two moral reasoning measures

Closer Than You Think: The Influence of Border Bias on Perceptions of Mapped Hazards

In a replication and extension of “border bias” research conducted by Mishra and Mishra (2010) and Molloy and colleagues (2012; 2013), who found that mapped threats within state borders were judged to be a greater risk than equidistant out of state threats, the effects of color (added to indicate zones of potential exposure) and a “double border” (on maps and in the lab) were measured. Support was found for border bias in that state boundaries appeared to influence risk perception. As hypothesized, there was also a significant effect for color boundaries, and participants avoided a location shown at an equidistant location, but on both a state and color border (a “double border”). Further evidence for the perceived vulnerability of a “double border” was demonstrated by participants’ choice of seating in the psychology lab, where they arrived to find “contaminants” (e.g., rumpled tissues) on the tables and limited chairs from which to select. Participants prefer seats nearer to a single contaminant over seats equidistant from two contaminants on a double border

Collective Impact: Early Childhood Education in Hartford and the Strive Partnership

Large-scale social change requires broad coordination across the social sector. Regrettably, reform in the social sector often focuses on the isolated intervention of individual groups. Early childhood education is no exception, even though it is an important component of a child’s future educational success and social mobility. We study the Strive Partnership in Cincinnati, OH as a successful example of a collective impact initiative in the educational field. By analyzing their work to bring together various organizations to address early childhood literacy, we can identify organizations in Hartford that will be the most effective partners to carry out similar work locally. Understanding how collaborative efforts are positively affecting early childhood education in Hartford will help to close the achievement gap and improve social mobility

Hyperactivation of B cells from Immunodeficient Patients

poster abstractChronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited immunodeficiency associated with defects in NADPH oxidase, an enzyme that produces oxygen radicals necessary to kill bacterial and fungal pathogens. NADPH oxidase, made up of six subunits, is located in endosomal and plasma membranes of immune cells. Although best studied in macrophages and neutrophils, the oxidase is expressed in B cells where we have shown its link to adaptive immunity and antigen presentation. Here, NADPH oxidase function was disrupted by mutations or gene knockdown in human B cells, and the role of the oxidase in innate immunity specifically Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling tested. TLR7 and 9, which recognize viral single-stranded RNA and unmethylated CpG DNA respectively, potentially share an endosomal compartment with the oxidase in B cells. In this project, B cells were stimulated for 24 hours with TLR7 and 9 ligands along with a costimulator PMA. TLR7 signaling was significantly enhanced in oxidase deficient B cell lines compared with their respective control cells as evidenced by increased IL-6 secretion detected by an ELISA. CGD patients are incapable of producing oxygen radicals rendering them immunodeficient in terms of pathogen infection. Yet these patients also develop many autoimmune disorders associated with hyperactivation of the immune system. Thus, our studies on TLR activation using CGD cell lines may explain in part the development of autoimmunity in individuals with CGD. Additional studies are underway to examine the regulation of TLR including receptor expression levels and the subcellular localization of the NADPH oxidase in these B cells from CGD patients. This work has not yet been published and was supported by NIH 3R01AI079065-03S1

Unlocking Tourism Innovation Potential through Academic Research: A Transformational Learning Approach

Stimulating new tourism product ideas and developing an innovative culture within destinations is fundamental to enhance the current and future competitiveness of the tourism industry. Although academic research is generally considered a necessary precursor to innovation, tourism academic research is criticized as inward looking and failing to create new opportunities. This paper describes a case study of tourism academics working with tourism businesses and destination management agencies to unlock business innovation potential and start an innovation conversation in a destination. Drawing upon the principles of transformational learning theory, the academics built long-term research relationships with tourism businesses and challenged them to develop innovative and appealing products for a new market (the Asian international student market). The successful results provide a model for academic research that challenges established views, disrupts routine thinking and finds ways to innovatively adapt products for new markets

Characterisation of a pucBA deletion mutant from Rhodopseudomonas palustris lacking all but the pucBAd genes

Rhodopseudomonas palustris is a species of purple photosynthetic bacteria that has a multigene family of puc genes that encode the alpha and beta apoproteins, which form the LH2 complexes. A genetic dissection strategy has been adopted in order to try and understand which spectroscopic form of LH2 these different genes produce. This paper presents a characterisation of one of the deletion mutants generated in this program, the pucBAd only mutant. This mutant produces an unusual spectroscopic form of LH2 that only has a single large NIR absorption band at 800 nm. Spectroscopic and pigment analyses on this complex suggest that it has basically a similar overall structure as that of the wild-type HL LH2 complex. The mutant has the unique phenotype where the mutant LH2 complex is only produced when cells are grown at LL. At HL the mutant only produces the LH1-RC core complex

LAMP-2C inhibits MHC class II presentation of cytoplasmic antigens by disrupting chaperone-mediated autophagy

Cells use multiple autophagy pathways to sequester macromolecules, senescent organelles, and pathogens. Several conserved isoforms of the lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP-2) regulate these pathways influencing immune recognition and responses. LAMP-2A is required for chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), which promotes Ag capture and MHC class II (MHCII) presentation in B cells and signaling in T cells. LAMP-2B regulates lysosome maturation to impact macroautophagy and phagocytosis. Yet, far less is known about LAMP-2C function. Whereas LAMP2A and LAMP2B mRNA were broadly detected in human tissues, LAMP2C expression was more limited. Transcripts for the three LAMP2 isoforms increased with B cell activation, although specific gene induction varied depending on TLR versus BCR engagement. To examine LAMP-2C function in human B cells and specifically its role in Ag presentation, we used ectopic gene expression. Increased LAMP-2C expression in B cells did not alter MHCII expression or invariant chain processing, but did perturb cytoplasmic Ag presentation via CMA. MHCII presentation of epitopes from exogenous and membrane Ags was not affected by LAMP-2C expression in B cells. Similarly, changes in B cell LAMP-2C expression did not impact macroautophagy. The gene expression of other LAMP2 isoforms and proteasome and lysosomal proteases activities were unperturbed by LAMP-2C ectopic expression. LAMP-2C levels modulated the steady-state expression of several cytoplasmic proteins that are targeted for degradation by CMA and diminished peptide translocation via this pathway. Thus, LAMP-2C serves as a natural inhibitor of CMA that can selectively skew MHCII presentation of cytoplasmic Ags

Generation of atom-light entanglement in an optical cavity for quantum enhanced atom interferometry

We theoretically investigate the generation of atom-light entanglement via Raman superradiance in an optical cavity, and show how this can be used to enhance the sensitivity of atom interferometry. We model a realistic optical cavity, and show that by careful temporal shaping of the optical local oscillator used to measure the light emitted from the cavity, information in the optical mode can be combined with the signal from the atom interferometer to reduce the quantum noise, and thus increase the sensitivity. It was found in Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 053002 (2013) that an atomic “seed” was required in order to reduce spontaneous emission and allow for single mode behavior of the device. In this paper we find that the optical cavity reduces the need for an atomic seed, which allows for stronger atom-light correlations and a greater level of quantum enhancement