Using ecological niche models to support tree species selection for forest restoration planning in largely deforested regions

Species selection for forest restoration is often supported by expert knowledge on local distribution patterns of native tree species. This approach is not applicable to largely deforested regions unless enough data on pre-human tree species distribution is available. In such regions, ecological niche models may provide essential information to support species selection in the framework of forest restoration planning. In this study we used ecological niche models to predict habitat suitability for native tree species in "Tierra de Campos" region, an almost totally deforested area of the Duero Basin (Spain). Previously available models provide habitat suitability predictions for dominant native tree species, but including non-dominant tree species in the forest restoration planning may be desirable to promote biodiversity, specially in largely deforested areas were near seed sources are not expected. We used the Forest Map of Spain as species occurrence data source to maximize the number of modeled tree species. Penalized logistic regression was used to train models using climate and lithological predictors. Using model predictions a set of tools were developed to support species selection in forest restoration planning. Model predictions were used to build ordered lists of suitable species for each cell of the study area. The suitable species lists were summarized drawing maps that showed the two most suitable species for each cell. Additionally, potential distribution maps of the suitable species for the study area were drawn. For a scenario with two dominant species, the models predicted a mixed forest (Quercus ilex and a coniferous tree species) for almost one half of the study area. According to the models, 22 non-dominant native tree species are suitable for the study area, with up to six suitable species per cell. The model predictions pointed to Crataegus monogyna, Juniperus communis, J.oxycedrus and J.phoenicea as the most suitable non-dominant native tree species in the study area. Our results encourage further use of ecological niche models for forest restoration planning in largely deforested regions

Predictive modelling of climate suitability for Pinus halepensis in Spain

The response of Mediterranean pine species distribution to global change is a key feature of forest management in a changing environment. Climate suitability models are valuable tools for understanding and anticipating the effects of climate change on species distributions. Logistic regression was used to model climate suitability for Pinus halepensis in Spain, using National Forest Inventory as training sample. Predictive performance was evaluated using ICP Forests Level I grid as independent validation sample. The same independent sample was used to assess predictive performance of some previously available suitability models for Pinus halepensis in Spain. Results show good predictive performance for the logistic regression model, considering both discrimination and calibration. The logistic regression model outperformed other models previously available for Pinus halepensis in Spain. [ESPAÑOL] La respuesta de las especies de pinos mediterráneas al cambio global es una cuestión clave en la gestión forestal en un mundo cambiante. Los modelos de idoneidad climática son valiosas herramientas para comprender los efectos del cambio climático en la distribución de las especies de pinos y anticiparse a los mismos. Se ha usado la regresión logística para modelizar la idoneidad climática para Pinus halepensis en España con el Inventario Forestal Nacional como muestra de entrenamiento. La capacidad predictiva se ha evaluado usando la Red de Nivel I del ICP Forests como muestra de validación independiente. La misma muestra independiente se ha usado para evaluar la capacidad predictiva de algunos modelos de idoneidad previamente disponibles para Pinus halepensis en España. Los resultados muestran la buena capacidad predictiva del modelo de regresión logística, tanto si se considera la discriminación, como la calibración. El modelo de regresión logística supera en capacidad predictiva a otros modelos previamente disponibles para Pinus halepensis en España

Predicting temporary wetland plant community responses to changes in the hydroperiod

The expected changes on rainfall in the next decades may cause significant changes of the hydroperiod of temporary wetlands and, consequently, shifts on plant community distributions. Predicting plant community responses to changes in the hydroperiod is a key issue for conservation and management of temporary wetlands. We present a predictive distribution model for Arthrocnemum macrostachyum communities in the Doñana wetland (Southern Spain). Logistic regression was used to fit the model using the number of days of inundation and the mean water height as predictors. The internal validation of the model yielded good performance measures. The model was applied to a set of expected scenarios of changes in the hydroperiod to anticipate the most likely shifts in the distribution of Arthrocnemum macrostachyum communities

Habitat suitability models for species selection in ecological restoration: an application to legume shrubs selection for roadside revegetation

Shrub planting is a common practice in ecological restoration and is commonly used for roadside management for controlling soli erosion, for reducing headlight glare and for absorbing the energy of errant vehicles. As in any planting activity, an adequate species selection is required to avoid high mortality rates in ecological restorations. Habitat suitability models predict species presence likelihood as a function of environmental variables and may support species selection pointing the species more suitable for the habitat to be restored. Habitat distribution models for legume shrub species in Spain were fitted and validated using presence/absence data from the Spanish Forest Map. A logistic regression strategy was used to predict species presence based on climatic and lithologic variables. Model outputs were used to develop a shrub planting plan for the roadsides of a set of highways in Spai

Context-aware Assessment Using QR-codes

In this paper we present the implementation of a general mechanism to deliver tests based on mobile devices and matrix codes. The system is an extension of Siette, and has not been specifically developed for any subject matter. To evaluate the performance of the system and show some of its capabilities, we have developed a test for a second-year college course on Botany at the School of Forestry Engineering. Students were equipped with iPads and took an outdoor test on plant species identification. All students were able to take and complete the test in a reasonable time. Opinions expressed anonymously by the students in a survey about the usability of the system and the usefulness of the test were very favorable. We think that the application presented in this paper can broaden the applicability of automatic assessment techniques.The presentation of this work has been co-founded by the Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

HispaVeg: a new online vegetation plot database for Spain

We describe a new online database, named HispaVeg, which currently holds data from 2663 vegetation plots of Spanish woodlands, scrublands and grasslands. Unlike other similar databases, a detailed description of the structure is stored with the floristic data of each plot (i.e., number and physiognomy of the vertical layers, cover values for each layer).Most of the vegetation plots are large rectangles (400 to 2000 square meters) with an average of 34 species per plot. The survey dates range from 1956 to present, with most of the records between 1964 and 1994. The elevation of the plots ranges from 0 to 2880, with most of the plots between 300 and 1500 m. HispaVeg is freely available to the scientific community. Users can query the online database, view printable reports for each plot and download spreadsheet-like raw data for subsets of vegetation plots

La plataforma siette una herramienta para el aprendizaje de la botánica forestal

El avance tecnológico está incorporando nuevas herramientas de aprendizaje para complementar el estudio y realizar prácticas de autoevaluación de valor formativo, ya que mediante el ejercicio de evaluación el estudiante puede reflexionar sobre su progreso y dirigir mejor su esfuerzo en el estudio. En este marco la plataforma SIETTE es un sistema web que permite la creación y mantenimiento de bancos de preguntas, y realización de tests, que implementa la Teoría Clásica de Test (CTT), Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (TRI), permite realizar Tests Adaptativos Informatizados (TAI), y puede usarse como herramienta para el aprendizaje colaborativo. Siette puede usarse como módulo de evaluación de un Sistema Tutor Inteligente (STI) o conectado a una Plataforma de Teleeducación (LMS) como Moodle. Siette implementa muchas otras opciones para la realización de prácticas de reconocimiento, repaso, y evaluación. Esta comunicación presenta los resultados de varios años de trabajo con esta herramienta, las diversas experiencias de formación y evaluación de conocimientos sobre Botánica Forestal. Se han definido más de 2500 preguntas, la mayoría basadas en imágenes y realizado mas de 4300 sesiones de evaluación en la Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Forestal de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid en colaboración con la Universidad de Málaga

Supervivencia de la vegetación halohidrófila a episodios extremos de inundación: el almajar de la marisma de Doñana en el año hidrológico 2009-10

La vegetación de las zonas húmedas es habitualmente estudiada en relación a sus condiciones medias de inundación pero pocas veces en relación a episodios extremos. Dentro de éstos uno de los menos conocidos son efectos de la inundación excesiva en plantas leñosas. La vegetación halohidrófila de la marisma del Parque Nacional de Doñana sufrió durante el año hidrológico 2009-10 un episodio de inundación extrema que causó una extensa mortandad en el almajar (agrupación vegetal de Arthrocnemum macrostachyum) que es analizada en esta comunicación. Se presentan un estudio del efecto dicho episodio en el almajo. Se basa en un muestreo de 106 puntos, de cotas obtenidas mediante GPS diferencial y una traslación del hidroperiodo de las estaciones de seguimiento de medición de la altura diaria de agua del Parque, en los que se tomaron datos de talla y supervivencia almajos. Se empleó un análisis de regresión logística que permitió generar unas curvas de supervivencia según relaciones tiempo-altura de inundación en las plantas y se realizó un comparación con los niveles medios de inundación de dicha agrupación vegetal

Life + Olmos vivos. Un nuevo impulso a los olmos... o cuando las amistades se vuelven peligrosas: la grafiosis del olmo

Divulgación del proyecto europeo Life + sobre la propagación de olmos resistentes en España como medida de recuperación de la especie

Los Olmos empiezan a recuperar sus territorios

El artículo describe la problemática de la grafiosis y el papel del proyecto LIFE+"Olmos Vivos" (LIFE13 BIO/ES/000556)en la recuperación de los olmos