Modeling for investment on scenarios TIIE 28 and TIIE 91 days

This article presents through mathematical modeling two hypothetical scenarios of investment with monthly savings in the format of early annuity. In both cases, the term is referenced to one year, with deposits in different periods and changing effective rates. The development of modeling used information got from official sources about interest rates. The result seeks to determine the most profitable scenario based on the interest rate and its capitalization

Threatened abortion and gestational diabetes cases in Mexican pregnant women does not change with the FTO rs9939609 presence

The Obesity-associated fat mass (FTO) gene has been associated to a higher risk of obstetrical complications. The aim of this prospective, cross-sectional and comparative study was to determine if there are clinical or laboratorial differences in pregnant women with the presence/absence of FTO rs9939609 focused on threatened abortion. Pregnant women between 18 to 35 years of age were invited to participate. In all cases, it was obtained the sociodemographic information, anthropometry, clinical laboratories for obstetrical routine check-up, FTO rs9939609 positive expression, and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) indexes were also calculated. Comparisons of this type of variables between both groups were performed through Student´s T-test. Chi-Square Tests were used to contrast the GDM and threatened miscarriages percentages of cases between both groups. Pearson correlation was performed among the quantitative variables of all the study population. 57 women positive and 52 negative for the FTO rs9939609 presence were included in the study with a Gestational Diabetes Mellitus prevalence of 19.3%. When contrasting the variables by the presence/absence of FTO rs9939609 the p-values were far from being significant. As such, Chi-Square Tests did not show significant statistical difference neither for GDM nor for threatened miscarriage between both groups. Based on these results, the FTO rs9939609 presence did not reflect difference either in GDM or in threatened miscarriage. It was demonstrated in parallel, the utility of the QUICKI index in the metabolic evaluation during pregnancy. In conclusion, in Mexican women, pregnancy evolution and possible appearance of complications is not so determined by the FTO rs9939609 presence but by the overweight with which this physiological state is faced

Restructuring debt proposal in three hypothetical scenarios: Equal payments, different amounts and one unknown payment, different amounts and three unknown payment

It is common that some debtors -enterprises or particulars- require credit to acquire products or services. To do this people used to signed some promissory notes with different maturities. In this idea, and derived from the potential problems of illiquidity, are seen the need to renegotiate their debts with the creditors, who gave them this financing or credit. Several methods are used to do this. In this paper it is presented a proposal with three hypothetical scenarios from modeling with equivalent equations. The aim is to set a practical methodology that allows identify a factor, which we may use to calculate a new value of debt scheme, and furthermore, integrate the variables such as: time, interest rate, coefficients, original value scheme and new value scheme

Especies ornamentales asociadas a cochinilla rosada del hibisco (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) en Nayarit

The study was carried out in 2009 with the objective of knowing the diversity of ornamental species susceptible to the attack of pink cochineal hibiscus, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), as well as to determine the incidence and level of insect infestation. The weekly samplings in 28 species of plants, were quantified individuals of cochineal present in 9 101 sampling sites of seven municipalities, within marginal, urban, agricultural and nursery areas. This pest was detected in 2 435 sites (26.7%), with infestation of 25.7, 0.9 and 0.1% for the low, medium and high levels, respectively. The species identified with the highest incidence of the pest were Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (37.4%), H. tiliaceaus Arruda (29%) and H. mutabilis L., (14.4%); For H. rosa-sinensis, the municipalities that were identified with the greatest pest-host association were Acaponeta (59.3%), Santiago Ixcuintla (44.2%) and Rosamorada (37.5%). Montanoa grandiflora Alamán ex DC and Solandra sp., Were determined as new hosts of pink hibiscus cochineal, both at infestation level 1.El estudio se realizó en 2009 con el objetivo de conocer la diversidad de especies ornamentales susceptibles al ataque de cochinilla rosada del hibisco, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), así como determinar la incidencia y nivel de infestación del insecto. Los muestreos semanales en 28 especies de plantas, se cuantificaron individuos de cochinilla presentes en 9 101 sitios de muestreo de siete municipios, dentro de áreas marginales, urbano, agrícola y viveros. Esta plaga se detectó en 2 435 sitios (26.7%), con infestación de 25.7, 0.9 y 0.1% para los niveles bajo, medio y alto, respectivamente. Las especies vegetales identificadas con mayor incidencia de la plaga, fueron Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., (37.4%), H. tiliaceaus Arruda (29%) y H. mutabilis L., (14.4%); para H. rosa-sinensis, los municipios que fueron identificados con mayor asociación plaga-hospedante, fueron Acaponeta (59.3%), Santiago Ixcuintla (44.2%) y Rosamorada (37.5%). Montanoa grandiflora Alamán ex DC y Solandra sp., se determinaron como nuevos hospedantes de cochinilla rosada del hibisco, ambos en nivel de infestación 1

Rumen Fermentation Profile and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation of Three Forage Species from Agroforestry Systems in Dry and Rainy Seasons

The variability of climatic conditions throughout the year and the physiological maturity of plant material can have effects on the nutritional value of plants and the productive performance of animals. The aim was to determine the effect of three tropical forage species (Tithonia diversifolia, Erythrina poeppigiana and Cratylia argentea) harvested at four cutting ages (30, 45, 60 and 75 days), during the dry and rainy seasons on in vitro gas production, rumen pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and CH4 production. A completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (three forage species, four cutting ages and two seasons) was used. Four Brahman bulls of 250.0 ± 20.5 kg of live weight were used, provided with a ruminal cannula for the extraction of ruminal fluid. The animals were kept separately in individual pens, where they were fed with P. maximum and water was provided ad libitum. Gas production among forage species was lower (p = 0.0001) in T. diversifolia and E. poeppigiana in the dry season. The cutting age had an influence on gas production, showing lower production (p = 0.0164) at 30 and 45 days in the dry season. The VFA production showed differences for the effect between forages in the rainy season, with higher values (p < 0.05) for acetic, propionic and butyric acid in the species E. poeppigiana, C. argéntea and T. diversifolia respectively. CH4 production showed differences between forage species, showing the lowest (p = 0.0001) production of CH4 in T. diversifolia for the dry and rainy seasons. It is concluded that the use of shrubby species (T. diversifolia, E. poeppigiana and C. argéntea) in ruminant production systems in the rainy and dry seasons, with an early regrowth age (30 and 45 days), present a promising alternative on the reduction of CH4

Rumen Fermentation Profile and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation of Three Forage Species from Agroforestry Systems in Dry and Rainy Seasons

The variability of climatic conditions throughout the year and the physiological maturity of plant material can have effects on the nutritional value of plants and the productive performance of animals. The aim was to determine the effect of three tropical forage species (Tithonia diversifolia, Erythrina poeppigiana and Cratylia argentea) harvested at four cutting ages (30, 45, 60 and 75 days), during the dry and rainy seasons on in vitro gas production, rumen pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and CH4 production. A completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (three forage species, four cutting ages and two seasons) was used. Four Brahman bulls of 250.0 ± 20.5 kg of live weight were used, provided with a ruminal cannula for the extraction of ruminal fluid. The animals were kept separately in individual pens, where they were fed with P. maximum and water was provided ad libitum. Gas production among forage species was lower (p = 0.0001) in T. diversifolia and E. poeppigiana in the dry season. The cutting age had an influence on gas production, showing lower production (p = 0.0164) at 30 and 45 days in the dry season. The VFA production showed differences for the effect between forages in the rainy season, with higher values (p E. poeppigiana, C. argéntea and T. diversifolia respectively. CH4 production showed differences between forage species, showing the lowest (p = 0.0001) production of CH4 in T. diversifolia for the dry and rainy seasons. It is concluded that the use of shrubby species (T. diversifolia, E. poeppigiana and C. argéntea) in ruminant production systems in the rainy and dry seasons, with an early regrowth age (30 and 45 days), present a promising alternative on the reduction of CH4