Estudos sobre a nutrição mineral do sorgo granífero: VII absorção de sulfato marcado por raizes destacadas

Some aspects of SO4² absorption by excised roots of "Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench" namely, inibition effects of NaF, KCN, 2,4- DNP and factors such as aeration, solution pH and temperature on the rate of absorption were studied. The excised roots showed multiphasic mecanism of SO4²- absorption. The relative absorption rates, presented by three varieties, were in decreasing order: Tey-101, Contibrasil-101 and Dekalb-E-57. Inhibition effects on the absorption of SO4²- by excised roots were shown in the case of the three ihibitors studied hereof-. Aeration and solution temperature are important factors on SO4²- absorption. At the external solutio n concentration of Na,2SO(4)10-³M the best fitted equation to the experimental values was shown to be: umoles/g dry matter = 1,639- 1,585 exp. (-0,006618t)Um estudo da absorção de sulfato por raizes destacadas de sorgo granífero mostrou: mecanismo (ou sítios) múltiplo para absorção; o tamanho do espaço livre aparente; a influência da temperatura, pH; a dependência da atividade metabólica

Co-processing Plant Extracts for Improvement of Their Pharmacotechnic Properties

<p><span><strong>ABSTRACT: </strong>The herbal Espinheira Santa (Maytenus ilicifolia) can ingested in capsules for treatment of injuries from digestive tract, such as gastritis. However, the large amount of drug administered dose medication adherence difficult, so this study sought an alternative by formulating effervescent granules facilitating drug intake. The obtained granules made by wet and effervescent mixture of citric acid, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate at different concentrations, totaling eight formulations, in addition to lactose as diluent and disintegrant in the composition. The granules were produced in sizes from 1 and 2mm. Rheological tests were compared against the dry extract, analyzed the average particle sizes of beads, mapped its surface by scanning electron microscopy and evaluated their behavior effervescent. The flow properties of the granules showed better values than the dry extract. The co-processed formulations showed average particle sizes distributed closed, where 1mm time effervescence had smaller, respecting all formulations, pharmacopeial limits of maximum 5 minutes. The preparation of effervescent granules Espinheira Santa proved to be a good alternativel, once that have easy preparation, low cost, excellent flow and rapid disintegration.</span></p><p><span><strong>Keywords:</strong> Espinheira Santa, effervescent granules, dry extract.</span></p

Rendimento e concentração de nutrientes em alface, em função das adubações orgânica e mineral Yield and nutrient concentration in lettuce as a function of organic and mineral manuring

O rendimento e a concentração de nutrientes na alface, cultivar Babá, foram quantificados em função das adubações orgânica e mineral, em solo distrófico. Utilizou-se o sistema de transplante de mudas em vasos de polietileno de 5 dm³, em casa de vegetação e o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos no arranjo fatorial 4 x 3, com quatro doses de composto orgânico (0; 0,9; 1,8 e 2,7 dm³, equivalentes a 0, 33, 66 e 99 t/ha, na base seca) e três níveis de adubação mineral (0, 1 e 2). O nível 2 veiculou as doses de macro e micronutrientes apropriadas e o nível 1 consistiu de metade do nível 2. As produtividades máximas foram estimadas em 119,5, 119,4 e 153,9 g/planta, com as doses de 37,7, 18,9 e 13 t/ha de composto, nos níveis 0, 1 e 2 de adubo mineral, respectivamente. As doses de composto orgânico promoveram aumentos menos acentuados que a adubação mineral nas concentrações foliares de N, elevaram as concentrações de P, K e Na e diminuíram as de Ca, demonstrando que doses altas de adubos orgânicos provocam excesso de cátions monovalentes, prejudicando a absorção do Ca.<br>Nutrient accumulation in lettuce plants, cv. Babá, was quantified as a function of organic and mineral fertilisers, in a low fertility soil. The experiment was established by transplanting seedlings to 5 dm³ capacity pots in a greenhouse. The experiment was laid out in a complete randomised block design with three replications ordered in factorial arrangement (4 x 3) of four doses of organic compost (0, 0.9, 1.8 and 2.7 dm³; equivalent to 0, 33, 66, and 99 t/ha, in drought basis) and three mineral fertiliser levels (0, 1 and 2). Level two carried doses of macro and micronutrients normally recommended for the culture, with level one carrying half the dose of level two. The maximum estimated yields were 119.5, 119.4 and 153.9 g/plant with 37.7, 18.9 and 13 t/ha compost doses, for levels 0, 1 and 2, respectively. Organic compost doses resulted in a less intense increase in N foliar concentration, compared with mineral fertilizers, increased P, K, and Na concentrations and diminished Ca concentrations, revealing that organic fertilisers promote monovalent cations in high doses, prejudicing Ca absorption