Aplicación y resultados de un taller en la autoeficacia profesional de estudiantes de psicología.

Resumen: Dentro de esta investigación se llevó el taller “Las claves del éxito para un terapeuta que empieza” donde por medio de información y dinámicas se les informa a los participantes sobre cómo crear un clima de confianza con el cliente, manejar pacientes difíciles, entre otras. Esto, con el objetivo de evaluar el cambio en sus niveles de autoeficacia personal y profesional reportados por estudiantes de psicología, después de haber realizado un taller sobre el manejo de situaciones difíciles en terapia. Esta investigación empírica contó con 14 participantes de los cuales se reportan los resultados de 11 estudiantes ya que eran los que se encontraban realizando prácticas clínicas. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos: La Escala General de Autoeficacia y el Cuestionario de Autoeficacia Laboral. Aunque los resultados no reflejaron diferencia en los niveles de autoeficacia general, se encontró un aumento significativo en los niveles de autoeficacia profesional. Palabras clave: estudiantes de psicología, autoeficacia profesional, enfoque cognitivo conductual, enfoque centrado en soluciones

Interventions to Prevent Obesity in Mexican Children and Adolescents : Systematic Review

Funding: No funding was received to do this work MA-M is currently funded by the Scottish Government’s Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Cultural factors related to childhood and adolescent obesity in Mexico: a systematic review of qualitative studies.

Culture and culturally specific beliefs or practices may influence perceptions and decisions, potentially contributing to childhood obesity. The objective of this study is to identify the cultural factors (expressed through decisions, behaviors, individual experiences, perceptions, attitudes, or views) related to childhood and adolescent obesity in Mexico. Ten databases and one search engine were searched from 1995 onwards for qualitative studies. The Sunrise Enabler Model, described within the Cultural Care Theory, guided this review. Sample, the phenomenon of interest, study design, and evaluation data were extracted, and the Critical Appraisals Skills Programme tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Twenty-four studies were included. Of these, 12 studies included children or adolescents, 12 included parents, eight included schoolteachers, four included school staff (other than teachers), four included food vendors, and one included policymakers. Cultural values, beliefs, lifeways (especially food and food costumes), kinship, and social factors (particularly immediate and extended family) strongly influenced childhood and adolescent obesity-related lifestyles in Mexico. Most cultural factors related to childhood obesity in Mexico identified in this review may be modifiable and amenable to practical interventions

Interventions to treat obesity in Mexican children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Context: Prevalence of overweight and obesity has been rising in the past 3 decades among Mexican children and adolescents. Objective: To systematically review experimental studies evaluating interventions to treat obesity in Mexican children and adolescents (≤18 years old). Data Sources: For this study, 13 databases and 1 search engine were searched. Data Analysis: A total of 29 studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 2302 participants (age range, 8–16 years) from 11 states in Mexico were included. Most of the studies (n = 17 of 29) were provided in a clinical setting. A random-effect meta-analysis of 4 randomized controlled trials was conducted and a significant effect was found on body mass index reduction that favored the intervention group (−1.52; 95%CI, −2.15 to −0.89) for short-term (≤6 mo) interventions. Conclusions: A multicomponent, multidisciplinary, and individualized intervention that includes dietary modifications, physical activity practice, behavioral strategies, and active parental involvement might help treat childhood obesity in Mexico. However, long-term results need to be produced to identify effectiveness pointers that might help establish an integrated, long-lasting care model to treat obesity

Obesity and its association with mental health among Mexican children and adolescents: systematic review.

Context: Obesity and mental health issues increasingly affect children and adolescents, but whether obesity is a risk factor for mental health issues is unclear. Objective: To systematically review the association between obesity and mental health issues (ie, anxiety and/or depression) among Mexican children and adolescents. Data sourcing, extraction, and synthesis: A literature search of 13 databases and 1 search engine was conducted. Population, exposure, comparison, outcomes, and study design data were extracted, analyzed, and narratively synthesized. The JBI critical appraisal tool was used to evaluate evidence quality. Results: A total of 16 studies with 12,103 participants between 8 and 18 years old were included. Four studies focused on anxiety outcomes, 10 on depression, and 2 on both (ie, anxiety and depression). Evidence is unclear about the association of obesity with anxiety. However, most evidence shows that Mexican children and adolescents with overweight or obesity are more likely to have depression or report a higher number of depressive symptoms than normal-weight participants. Such likelihood is greater for females. Conclusion: Health promotion interventions to treat or prevent obesity could also consider mental health outcomes. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42019154132

Obesity and oral health in Mexican children and adolescents:systematic review and meta-analysis

Context: A relationship between obesity and poor oral health has been reported. Objective: To investigate the association between overweight/obesity and oral health in Mexican children and adolescents. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted of 13 databases and 1 search engine for articles published from 1995 onward. Data Analysis: A total of 18 publications were included. Evidence was inconclusive and varied according to sociodemographic factors or outcome measuring tools. The Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth and Filled Teeth Surfaces indices and the decayed extracted filled teeth index outcomes were included in a random effects model meta-analysis. Pooled estimates showed no statistically significant oral health differences (measured via the decayed extracted filled teeth or the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth Surfaces indexes) among body mass index (BMI) categories. However, pooled estimates of 6 studies showed that children with higher BMI had worse oral health in permanent teeth (measured via the Decayed Missing Filled Teeth Index) than children with lower BMI (overall mean difference, –0.42; 95%CI, –0.74, –0.11). Conclusion: Whether there is an association between poor oral health and high BMI is inconclusive; however, both co-exist among Mexican children. Therefore, health promotion and prevention efforts should address common risk factors and broader risk social determinants shared between noncommunicable diseases

Interventions to Treat Obesity in Mexican Children and Adolescents : Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Funding. No funding was received to do this work. M.A.-M. is currently funded by the Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19

Altres ajuts: Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC); Illumina; LifeArc; Medical Research Council (MRC); UKRI; Sepsis Research (the Fiona Elizabeth Agnew Trust); the Intensive Care Society, Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship (223164/Z/21/Z); BBSRC Institute Program Support Grant to the Roslin Institute (BBS/E/D/20002172, BBS/E/D/10002070, BBS/E/D/30002275); UKRI grants (MC_PC_20004, MC_PC_19025, MC_PC_1905, MRNO2995X/1); UK Research and Innovation (MC_PC_20029); the Wellcome PhD training fellowship for clinicians (204979/Z/16/Z); the Edinburgh Clinical Academic Track (ECAT) programme; the National Institute for Health Research, the Wellcome Trust; the MRC; Cancer Research UK; the DHSC; NHS England; the Smilow family; the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (CTSA award number UL1TR001878); the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; National Institute on Aging (NIA U01AG009740); the National Institute on Aging (RC2 AG036495, RC4 AG039029); the Common Fund of the Office of the Director of the National Institutes of Health; NCI; NHGRI; NHLBI; NIDA; NIMH; NINDS.Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care or hospitalization after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes-including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)-in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease