Vejiga Hiperactiva y Calidad de Vida

Introduction: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a problem with bladder-storage function that causes a sudden urge to urinate. The urge may be difficult to stop, and overactive bladder may lead to the involuntary loss of urine (incontinence). It represents a health disorder that in recent decades  has become important because of its implications on the lives of those affected. It has a prevalence of 35% in women over 18 years, increasing this figure with increasing age; it can also affect men, but with a lower prevalence. There are multiple consequences of OAB: sexual dysfunction, increased risk of falls, mood disorders and an overall decreased quality of life. The identification of the main affected areas, is the first step in establishing a plan of action to improve the quality of life of people with OAB. Methodology: a review of databases: Web of Science, Psycinfo, Scopus and Theseus, from 2002 to 2014, on the influence of overactive bladder in the quality of life. Results: the main affected areas are: sexuality, performing daily activities, psychological (anxiety and depression) and sleep disorders. Conclusions: a special attention from healthcare professionals about OAB is needed. It would also be desirable to establish plans for prevention and intervention to reduce the consequences of the OAB and lessen their impact on the quality of life.Introducción: la vejiga hiperactiva (VH) es un problema con la función de almacenamiento de la vejiga que causa una repentina urgencia de orinar . El impulso puede ser difícil de parar, y puede conducir a la pérdida involuntaria de orina (incontinencia). Representa un trastorno de salud de reconocimiento médico y social y, que en las últimas décadas ha cobrado importancia debido a sus implicaciones en la vida de los afectados. Tiene una prevalencia del 35% en mujeres mayores de 18 años, incrementándose esta cifra a medida que aumenta la edad; puede afectar también a hombres, pero con una menor prevalencia. Son múltiples las consecuencias de la VH: disfunciones sexuales, incremento del riesgo de caídas, trastornos del estado de ánimo y una disminución general de la calidad de vida. La identificación de las áreas más afectadas en las pacientes con VH, es el primer paso para establecer un plan de intervención que ayude a solucionar los problemas mejorando la calidad de vida de las personas con VH. Metodología: revisión bibliográfica de las bases de datos: Web of Science, Psycinfo, Scopus y Teseo desde el año 2002 hasta el 2014 sobre la influencia de la vejiga hiperactiva en la calidad de vida. Resultados: las áreas más afectadas en la calidad de vida son: sexualidad, realización de las actividades cotidianas, aspectos psicológicos (ansiedad y depresión) y alteraciones del sueño.  Conclusiones: se necesita una especial atención por parte de los profesionales sanitarios sobre la VH. Asimismo, sería conveniente establecer planes de prevención, así como de intervención para disminuir las consecuencias de la VH y menguar su impacto en la calidad de vida

Seasonal surveillance of pesticide residues and preliminary dietary risk assessment in commonly consumed F&V in Uruguay

Fruits and vegetables are essential foods for a balanced diet. They have the particularity that they are mostly consumed as such, without further processing. Therefore, the concentration of residues from the application of phytosanitary products for crop protection must be controlled. On average, Uruguay consumes less than half of the F&V recommended by the WHO. For that reason, a consumption incentive program called "Smart Basket or Smart List” has been developed in the last few years. In this work, seasonal monitoring of fruits and vegetables is being carried out to know the positive findings in the different matrices, their concentrations, and their relationship regarding the maximum residue limits. The monitoring results since the summer of 2020 for matrices such as onion, tomato, citrus, apple, pumpkin, carrot, eggplant, and grapes are presented. Each analytical methodology for the selected F&V was validated using a QuEChERS AOAC 2007.01 scheme, working with the Codex Alimentarius groups and contrasting the figures of merit required by the current SANTE document to ensure the quality of the results obtained. The method was adjusted for the GC-MS/MS determination of approximately 80 analytes, depending on the matrix under study. For most of the matrices studied, at least one pesticide residue was found within the method’s scope, belonging to the technological package used for each matrix. In turn, almost all the concentrations for the cases studied were below the Codex MRL values. Regarding the identities of the findings, 22 compounds were the most detected, mainly insecticides and fungicides. The generation of empirical data will allow us to refine the calculations presented in previous communications and go from working with theoretical concentrations or Maximum Limits to distributions of total concentrations. This work aims to obtain a phased or gradual approach to an intake risk assessment and a global overview of the compliance of the Codex MRLs with the findings for the Uruguayan situation.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació

A first approximation to the adjustment of pesticide use and theoretical MRL's and ADI accomplishment in fruits and vegetables in Uruguay

Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables (F&V) are of primary concern as these foods can be usually consumed as such. Little if any processing is done before their consumption apart from peeling and washing, depending on the type of F&V considered. Because of that, monitoring programs are performed all over the world to ensure legal MRL's accomplishment. The MRLs pursue two main objectives: to enforce Good Agricultural Practices accomplishment and protect consumers' health. In Uruguay, the number of legally allowed pesticides dropped from 453 to 285 active principles during the past decade. For instance, no pesticide of toxicological Level I is permitted in the country. In this work, thorough research on the active principles employed in Uruguay in F&V was performed. Of 233 pesticides registered for the 35 most cultured and consumed F&V in the country, 72 are insecticides, 60 are fungicides, and 101 herbicides. Among the insecticides, 20 were OPs, 10 carbamates, 11 pyrethroids, 6 neonicotinoids, and 25 belong to other chemical classes (matrine, azadirachtin, spinosad, abamectin, chlorantraniliprole a.o.). Most of the 60 fungicides active principles belong to the dithiocarbamates, Cyt-P450 inhibitors, and strobilurins chemical classes. A deterministic approach for evaluating chronic dietary risk for pesticide intake was performed following the recommended procedures by the World Health Organization (WHO) for chlorpyrifos, an insecticide from the organophosphate class, and the two most employed dithiocarbamates in Uruguay: Mancozeb and Ziram. The National Maximum Theoretical Daily Intake (IDTMN) was calculated using consumption data of fruits and vegetables of the National Survey of Household Expenditure and Income (ENGIHS), the Accepted Daily Intake (ADI), and the Maximum Residue Limits (MRL). As a result of the deterministic analysis, chlorpyrifos theoretical intake represented 92% of the IDA value below the safety limits. Nevertheless, as chlorpyrifos is allowed to be used in other highly consumed commodities such as cereals and grains, the maximum value of IDA for it can be easily reachable. In the case of dithiocarbamates, the results varied depending on the studied compound. The MRL for the whole chemical class is expressed as mg of CS 2 /kg sample, and correction factors for each specific compound must be applied to assess dietary risk assessment. Within this context, Mancozeb represented 48% of the IDA and Ziram 427% IDA. The results of a monitoring program on a seasonal basis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables will be presented to refine the values obtained with the theoretical calculations; aiming to verify the adjustment of the established MRLs to the Uruguayan diet will be presented and discussed.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació

Pesticide residues in onion varieties marketed in Uruguay

Onion is one of the most consumed vegetables all over the world, and Uruguay is not the exception. As a part of a global study of the pesticide intake of the Uruguayan population, we present the results of the evaluation of pesticide residues content in three onion varieties marketed in Montevideo. Samples of spring onion (Allium fistulosum), white and red onion (Allium cepa) were analyzed for 57 pesticide residues through gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The compounds studied included the pesticides approved to be applied to onion plus the banned organochlorines. As onion is a bulb, the food contamination by non-approved and no longer used organochlorines cannot be dismissed because they are very persistent compounds that are still found in soils of old farms, where horticultural activities have been carried out for decades. The method will be useful for the monitoring of pesticde residues in onions markted in Uruguay, aiming to perfrmo risk assesment studies on pesticde exposure of the uruguayan population.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació

Antifeedant, horizontal transfer and repellent activities of free and microencapsulated food grade antioxidants against postharvest pest insects (Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797)) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae, Tenebrionidae) of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) (Fabaceae)

The aims of this work were to evaluate antifeedant, horizontal transfer and repellent activities of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), free and microencapsulated, at different doses against Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Tribolium castaneum on peanut kernels. In general, negative values for the percentage feeding deterrence index (FDI) were found for Oryzaephilus surinamensis in the presence of these chemical treatments, suggesting a phagostimulant activity. In addition, untreated individuals died within 20 days of coming into contact with insects previously exposed to both antioxidants (BHA and BHT) and formulations (F- BHA and F-BHT), regardless of the dose, while the insects in the controls died after this time. Since this work revealed evidence for the transfer of both free and microencapsulated antioxidants from treated to untreated individuals, we can confirm that horizontal transfer of these compounds takes place between treated and untreated insects. The evaluated compounds showed no repellent activity against O. surinamensis, which continued unaffected with its life cycle on both treated and untreated peanuts. On the other hand, Tribolium castaneum exhibited high FDI values, especially for the formulations, with mean values of 0.68 and 0.91 for F-BHA and F-BHT, respectively. No horizontal transfer was observed for this insect, but repellency was higher than 80% for free and encapsulated BHT. We can conclude that the mechanism of insecticidal action of antioxidants and their formulations was dependent on the type of insect evaluated. The insecticidal effect on Oryzaephilus surinamensis could have been due to the direct intake of the chemical compounds added, whereas the negative effect on Tribolium castaneum could have been caused by starvation.Fil: García, Daiana. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Ecología Microbiana; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Nesci, Andrea Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Ecología Microbiana; ArgentinaFil: Girardi, Natalia Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Ecología Microbiana; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología; ArgentinaFil: Passone, Maria Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Ecología Microbiana; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Etcheverry, Miriam Graciela. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Ecología Microbiana; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Effect of Microencapsulated 2(3)-Tert-Butyl-4- Hydroxyanisole (BHA) at Sub-Lethal Dose on the Growth of Aspergillus flavus and Production of Aflatoxin in Peanut Food Model System

The need to ensure the microbiological quality and safety of food products has stimulated interest for new strategies avoiding the use of chemical preservatives in foods and feeds. Microencapsulated food grade antioxidants could be an alternative for control fungal contamination in foods. In this sense, the aim of our study was to examine the effect of a sub-lethal dose of microencapsulated butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (0.65mM) on physiological behavior of Aspergillus flavus, an aflatoxin B1 producer fungi. In this sense, we evaluated growth rate, time to growth, biomass and aflatoxin B1 accumulation of an isolate of A. flavus (RCP08108) with two water activities (0.99 and 0.96 aw) and two growth substrate (Peanut meal extract agar and peanut kernels). All fungal physiological features studied in this work (growth rate, time to growth, biomass and AFB1 accumulation), were modified by the application of the sub-lethal dose of BHA formulation, for both growth substrate and water availability. Presence of the encapsulated antioxidant showed significant change in Pearson coefficients respect to the controls for all studied parameters. As conclusion, evaluated sub-lethal dose of BHA formulation, result in a reduction on growth and toxin accumulation. Results of this work indicate the need to consider both fungal primary and secondary metabolism to determine the effect of food grade antioxidant formulation, in order to improve the production of microcapsules for application in a future in the food system.Fil: García, Daiana. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Ecología Microbiana; ArgentinaFil: Nesci, Andrea Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Ecología Microbiana; ArgentinaFil: Girardi, Natalia Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Ecología Microbiana; ArgentinaFil: Passone, Maria Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Ecología Microbiana; ArgentinaFil: Etcheverry, Miriam Graciela. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Ecología Microbiana; Argentin

Impact of sub-lethal 2(3)-tert-butyl-4 hydroxyanisole (BHA) microcapsules on behavior of Aspergillus flavus in culture medium and peanut seeds

The aim of this work was the evaluation of physiological behavior of Aspergillus flavavus affected by the application of sub-lethal doses of microencapsulated 2(3)-tert-butyl-4 hydroxyanisole (BHA). For this , peanut meal extract agar (PMEA) and peanut kernels with modified water activity (aw) (0.96 and 0.99) and a sub-lethal dose (0.6 mM) of an BHA formulation was used. Fungl physiological aspects as growth rate, tme to growt and AFB1 evolution were modified by the formulation, especially on PMEA at both aw. In general, conidial and vesicle size of the mold only were affected by growth substrate, being higher on sterile seed than on PMEA regardless of aw condition . However, positive correlation (p<0.05) observed in control betweenradius and biomass responses was altedred by the application of the formulation, mainly under the lowest aw in both substrate evaluated. Finally, presence of encapsulated antioxidant showed significant change in Pearson coefficients respect to the controls for all studiend parameters.As conclusin, sub-lethaldoses formulation lead in reduction on growt and toxin accumulation, but conidial and vesicle size were not affected. Results of this work indicate the need to consider both fungal primary and secondary metabolism to determine the effect of food grade antioxidants formulation.Fil: García, Daiana. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Ecología Microbiana; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Girardi, Natalia Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Ecología Microbiana; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Nesci, Andrea Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Ecología Microbiana; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Passone, Maria Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Ecología Microbiana; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Etcheverry, Miriam Graciela. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Ecología Microbiana; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentin

Estudio de motivación del profesorado del departamento de Ingeniería Rural de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

Se ha realizado un estudio de la motivación del profesorado de un departamento de una universidad española respecto a los cambios propuestos por el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. Los datos se recogieron mediante un cuestionario anónimo. El análisis de los resultados pone de manifiesto que los aspectos considerados más deficientemente por parte del profesorado son factores externos al departamento, como el reconocimiento de la actividad docente y las carencias tanto en formación como en los medios de apoyo a la gestión. Por otra parte, se muestra que el grado de satisfacción en relación a los factores de motivación endógena es elevado, debido a la gran vocación para el desempeño de las labores del profesor universitario. Las conclusiones obtenidas en cuestionarios similares realizados a los departamentos podrían servir para replantear los aspectos que indican negativamente sobre la motivación del profesorado. Puesto que los factores más problemáticos son los de naturaleza exógena, deberían ser las universidades las responsables de realizar este tipo de estudios

Study of the matrix effect of table and wine grapes using GC-QqQ-MS

The matrix effect in analytics is known as the variation in the response of the analytical system, induced by the presence of some components of the matrix (coextractives) in which the analyte is found. This effect occurs throughout the entire analytical determination. In separative techniques, the most common case is the coelution of the analyte with the matrix components. In other cases, the characteristics of the analytical system also participate in this effect. In gas chromatography, these two aspects are involved: how the matrix influences the degradation of compounds at the injection port and their ability throughout the chromatographic run. The study of it is contemplated in the validation of analytical methodologies. There are different ways of approaching the study of the matrix effect, ranging from statistical methods to methods based on instrumental determinations. According to the SANTE document, the matrix effect can be studied by analyzing the analytical sensitivity through the quotient of the slopes of the calibration curves prepared in the matrix and solvent, respectively. Using the equation below, complementary information is obtained when its sign and module are analyzed, classifying the effect as low, moderate, and high and, in turn, signal suppression/increase. EM (%) = ((matrix matched calibration slope)/(solvent calibration slope)-1) ×100 The present work studies the matrix effect that occurs using gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry taking a table and wine grapes as a case study. As expected, the differences between the two cases not only lay in their morphological characteristics, such as size, the shape of the bunches, and thickness of the skin, nor in their cultivation method but also the profile of co-extractives for each case.,When the information of the matrix effect is not taken into account or the correspondence between the matrix selected as the target and the one being analyzed, the consequence is thus being able to In this way, alter changes in the result of quantification of thea pesticide residues either, under or over quantifying it. , when the information of the matrix effect is not taken into account or the correspondence between the matrix selected as the target and the one being analyzed. Different calibration curves with table grapes (muscatel and white) and wine grapes (Chardonnay, Tannat, Merlot, and Albariño) were prepared, and the responses were compared for a representative group of compounds analyzable by GC-MS/MS, which mainly comprised organophosphates, pyrethroids, organochlorines, azoles, and strobilurins. The matrix effect was generally high in most cases, regardless of the type of grape, but the analyte quantification varied from matrix to matrix . In turn, the coextractives profile was evaluated by gas chromatography (Q3-Scan mode) and thin layer chromatography using UV absorption and universal developer to relate the information qualitatively, detecting significant differences in the coextractives profile. Depending on whether they are wine or table grapes, white or red.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació

Ecophysiological characteristics of the nematophagous fungus, Plectosphaerella plurivora, with biocontrol potential on Nacobbus aberrans s.l. in tomato

The plant-parasitic nematode, Nacobbus sp., is responsible for significant economic losses in horticultural production centers in Argentina and other countries in America, alone or in combination with other biotic and abiotic factors. Although the genus’ distribution is restricted to the American continent, it has quarantine importance and is subject to international legislation to prevent its spread to other regions. The management of phytoparasitic nematodes using biological control strategies is a promising eco-compatible alternative, allowing for sustainability of the crop horticultural system. Firstly, this study ecophysiologically characterized Plectosphaerella plurivora SRA14, a strain with nematophagous activity on N. aberrans s.l. This fungal strain developed in vitro under a wide temperature range (20–30 °C), but the highest levels of water stress (Ψ: -7 and -10 Mpa; aW: 0.95 and 0.93) inhibited its growth. While the production of extracellular enzymes by this strain was low, P. plurivora SRA14 was able to develop in the rhizosphere and endorhizosphere of the tomato and basil crops without affecting the plant vigor parameters or producing phytotoxicity signs. Secondly, this study evidenced the biocontrol activity of P. plurivora SRA14 on N. aberrans s.l. populations in tomato, implanted into both sterile (artificially inoculated) and naturally infested soils via greenhouse pot experiments. The results of this work revealed for the first time the potential of P. plurivora SRA14 as a biological control agent of the phytoparasitic nematode N. aberrans s.l. in horticultural crops.Fil: Girardi, Natalia Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Ecología Microbiana; ArgentinaFil: Sosa, Ana Laura. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Ecología Microbiana; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Loyola García, Joaquín. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Ecología Microbiana; ArgentinaFil: Pellegrino, Matias Santiago. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias.; ArgentinaFil: Passone, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Ecología Microbiana; Argentin