Personality of teacher – educator in changeable and dynamic conditions of social life

The problem of teacher´s personality have been discussed by many outstanding pedagogues and psychologists. They mainly focused on those qualities of teacher´s personality which determine efficient influence on the results of education, as well as on the analysis of factors determining occurrence of these qualities. The views on the origin of teacher´s personality traits were not unanimous. Some claimed that they are inborn, others that they are acquired, still others were of the opinion that they develop in the process of education or school practice. According to J.W. Dawid, the teacher should be characterized by “love for the human soul” – a trait decisive in efficient educational impact, according to Z. Mysłakowski it is “conactivity”, whereas M. Kreutz claims it is “evocative ability”. S. Szuman, who regarded pedagogical work as art, introduced still other personality traits. S. Baley viewed personality as “a set of all qualities which enable and facilitate educating others”

Metody finansowania świadczeń zdrowotnych - podejście koncepcyjne

The aim of the article is to present the main characteristics of selected health services financing schemes from the supply side and to analyse their impact on the behaviour of healthcare providers (in terms of the effectiveness of services provided and their volume). Analyses indicate that each of the existing financing mechanisms affects providers' decisions. The impact can be observed both in the short and long term, on healthcare entities and patients (micro effects) as well as on the whole healthcare system (macro effects). The article constitutes the first part of a mini-cycle of papers on methods of financing health services. The next ones will be focused on the popularity of the use of the described financing schemes in different countries and their implementation in the Polish system based on payments between the public payer and healthcare providers.(original abstract)Celem autorów artykułu jest przedstawienie podstawowej charakterystyki wybranych mechanizmów finansowania świadczeń zdrowotnych po stronie podażowej oraz analiza ich wpływu na postępowanie świadczeniodawców opieki zdrowotnej (pod kątem efektywności świadczonych usług oraz ich wolumenu). Jak wskazują analizy, każdy z istniejących mechanizmów finansowania oddziałuje na zachowanie świadczeniodawców. Oddziaływanie może być obserwowane zarówno w krótkim, jak i długim okresie, a także na poziomie podmiotu leczniczego i pacjenta (efekty mikro) oraz całego systemu (efekty makro). Artykuł jest pierwszym z minicyklu artykułów poświęconych metodom finansowania świadczeń zdrowotnych. Kolejne planowane artykuły będą poświęcone: powszechności stosowania opisywanych metod w wybranych państwach oraz implementacji opisywanych koncepcji w polskim systemie rozliczeń płatnika publicznego z podmiotami leczniczymi.(abstrakt oryginalny

EU Involvement in the Financing of the Blue Economy

The prospect of implementing the concept of the Blue Economy is currently still at a relatively early stage of achieving its full potential. The purpose of this paper is to present the idea of the ocean economy and selected aspects of its financing, including initiatives undertaken in this area by the European Union. Part I characterises the Blue Economy, part II discusses selected aspects of financing a sustainable ocean economy, and part III analyses the institutional approach, particularly within the EU, to the financing process of this type of economy. The descriptive method was used to conduct this study, and the available literature on and legal acts related to the subject of the article has been analysed. The undertakings made so far, especially by the EU, are impressive and, moreover, are driving global activity towards the sustainable financing of the Blue Economy. It is becoming a fundamental priority to realise the governments’ and international organisations’ aspirations to make economies independent from excessive carbon emissions, to counteract water degradation, overfishing, and shrinking drinking water resources. In the long term, it is important to develop coherence between the actions of national entities and the sources and methods of international funding. This is in order to develop a mutual, global good of innovative fi nancing of coastal projects for sustainable development

Psychologiczny aspekt rachunkowości, jako możliwość oddziaływania na odbiorcę informacji

Sprawozdawczość finansowa podlega w ostatnich latach nieustającej krytyce. Uważa się, że nie jest ona w stanie sprostać rosnącym potrzebom i wymaganiom inwestorów, którzy nie zadowalają się już suchą informacją z raportów finansowych. Decyzje o lokowaniu kapitału wymagają obecnie danych o charakterze finansowym i niefinansowym, dobrowolnych ujawnień informacji niewymaganych prawem, o znacząco rozszerzonym zakresie, pozwalających na przewidywanie sytuacji finansowej i wyników jednostki w przyszłości. W erze społeczeństwa informacyjnego raport finansowy jednostki gospodarczej stopniowo ewoluuje w kierunku raportowania biznesowego. Inwestorzy potrzebują danych o znacznie większej przejrzystości, zrozumiałych i często wspomaganych informacjami opisowymi. Prezentowana publikacja stanowi głos w dyskusji nad ewolucyjnym charakterem, kształtem, kierunkami rozwoju oraz perspektywami współczesnej rachunkowości.Publikacja finansowana ze środków Rektora Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Pressure-driven relaxation processes in nanocomposite ionic glass LiFe0.75_{0.75}V0.10_{0.10}PO4_{4}

This paper presents results for systems formed in a solid glassy state after nanocrystallization process above the glass temperature. We analyze electric conductivity and relaxation processes after such treatment under high temperature (HT) and high pressure (HP-HT) as well. The latter leads to ca. 8% increase of density, two decades (100) increase of electric conductivity as well as qualitative changes in relaxation processes. The previtreous-type changes of the relaxation time on cooling is analyzed by the use of critical-like and the 'critical-activated' description. Presented results correspond well with obtained for this material and shown in ref. [8]. The evidence for pressure evolution of the glass and crystallization temperatures, indicating the unique possibility of maxima and crossovers is also reported

The Importance of Sleep in Athletic Performance - A Systematic Review

Introduction Sleep influences the well-being of every person, but it is especially important for athletes1. This review analyses the impact that quality and duration of sleep has on physical and cognitive performance in athletes. It also examines the strategies for optimizing sleep, such as extending the duration of sleep, adding naps during the day and educating athletes about sleep hygiene. Results Research conclusively states that insufficient sleep impairs physical endurance and strength, reduces coordination and increases injury risk2–5. It impacts cognitive processes – decreases focus, diminishes strategic thinking and slows reaction times6. Evidence reveals that sleep interventions such as prolonging sleep duration, napping during the day and blue-enriched light exposure lead to improving sleep in athletes7. Summary By integrating findings from a range of studies, this review emphasizes the role of sleep as an indispensable pillar of sports performance optimization. It offers practical implications and limitations to the analyzed studies

Systematic Review of Pertussis: Trends, Challenges, and Advances in Care and Prevention

Pertussis, or whooping cough, persists as a significant public health issue despite widespread vaccination. This review examines the disease’s epidemiology, clinical challenges, diagnostic advancements, treatment, and prevention. Increasing incidence among adolescents and adults highlights the impact of waning immunity and gaps in vaccine coverage. Early diagnosis remains difficult due to nonspecific symptoms, though tools like PCR have improved detection. Macrolide antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment, but delayed diagnosis reduces their effectiveness. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Bordetella pertussis strains is concerning. Preventive measures, such as maternal immunization and booster doses, have shown effectiveness but require optimization. Acellular vaccines, while safer than whole-cell vaccines, exhibit waning immunity, prompting research into next-generation vaccines. This review underscores the need for improved vaccination strategies, public health initiatives to combat vaccine hesitancy, and enhanced global surveillance. Addressing these challenges is vital to reducing pertussis’s burden and improving outcomes, providing critical insights for policy and future research

The Role of Physical Activity in Managing Epilepsy in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Epilepsy is one of the most predominant neurological disorders in children and adolescents. It is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. While pharmacological treatments remain the primary approach for seizure control, non-pharmacological interventions like physical activity (PA) appear as potential complementary strategies for improving health outcomes in pediatric population. This systematic review evaluates the role of physical activity in the management of epilepsy in children and adolescents, focusing on its impact on seizure control, cognitive function, psychological well-being, and overall quality of life. Although the evidence regarding the impact of PA on seizure frequency is limited, regular physical activity has been shown to improve cognitive outcomes, mental health, and general quality of life in children with epilepsy. Safety concerns regarding PA of children with epilepsy are discussed. Further research among the pediatric population is needed, since PA might play an important role alongside conventional therapies in managing epilepsy in children and adolescents

Electrical conductivity in new imidazolium salts of dicarboxylic acids

Electrical conductivities of powder samples of five new imidazolium salts of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (imidazolium malonate (1), imidazolium glutarate (2), imidazolium adipate monohydrate (3), diimidazolium suberate (4), imidazolium sebacate (5) were measured by impedance spectroscopy as a function of temperature. It was found that conductivities increase with temperature. At high temperatures, the lowest conductivity was determined for imidazolium glutarate (10 -5 S/m) and the highest -for imidazolium sebacate (10 -1 S/m). The correlation between crystal structures of the investigated salts and their ionic conductivities is discussed