Perceived Parenting And Adolescents' Adjustment

Adolescence is an important developmental period that is characterised by heightened problems of adjustment. The aim of this study is to analyse adolescents' adjustment, and to explore the typologies and dimensions of parenting, and thus to determine the relationships between these factors. The sample comprised 1285 adolescent students aged 12 to 16 from the Basque Country (Spain). The students filled out the self-report of the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) and the Parental Acceptance-Rejection/Control Questionnaire, (PARQ/Control). Differences by age were found in the adolescents' school maladjustment and parenting style perception. Moreover, perceptions of little parental warmth were related to higher levels of clinical and school maladjustment, and the lower the parental control, the greater the clinical maladjustment. Finally, the results obtained revealed that the interaction between the mothers' and fathers' parenting styles was significant only for clinical maladjustment; those students with neglectful mothers and authoritative fathers presented the highest level of clinical maladjustment, followed by other combinations of neglectful mothers. Furthermore, the students from neglectful and authoritarian families presented the highest levels of school maladjustment, without differences between neglectful and authoritarian or between indulgent and authoritative families.Research Project was sponsored by the University of the Basque Country (Spain), with grant number EHU 11/16 and PPG17/31

Attitudes toward medicalization in childbirth and their relationship with locus of control and coping in a Spanish population

[EN] The dominant model of childbirth in most Western countries is medicalized childbirth. Women's beliefs about whether childbirth should be a medicalized process to a greater or lesser degree may be related, in addition to contextual factors, to internal factors. The objective of the study is to find out if women's locus of control (LC) and stress coping strategies (CS) are related to having a more favourable or less favourable attitude towards medicalization (ATMC). A cross-sectional study was carried out with the participation of 248 women recruited in primary care centres by their midwives. All the women filled in answers on a mobile phone app with various different measurement instruments: the questionnaire created by Benyamini to evaluate their ATMC; the Spanish version of the Wallston MLC to evaluate their LC; and the Spanish adaptation of the "Revised Prenatal Coping Inventory (NuPCI)" scale for the assessment of their CS. The women presented a favourable attitude towards medicalization, with a mean ATMC score of 3.42. Both the LC and the CS of women during pregnancy are related to this attitude. Specifically, having an internal LC and using preparative CS both lower the probability of presenting a favourable attitude towards medicalization, while the lack of a paid job raises the probability. For each point in internal locus and preparatory coping, the ATMC score decreased by 0.02 and 0.23 points, respectively, while it increased by 0.18 for not having a paid job. The influence of these psychological factors must be taken into account in the development of content and interventions that promote a more natural birth.The grant received by the Institute of Health Carlos III, file number PI20/00899, within the State R&D&I Plan 2017-2020 and co-financed by the ISCII-Sub directorate-General Evaluation and Promotion of Fund Research European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). This study has been co-financed by the Basque Government Department of Health. File n: 2018111087

A personalized intervention to prevent depression in primary care: cost-effectiveness study nested into a clustered randomized trial

Abstract Background: Depression is viewed as a major and increasing public health issue, as it causes high distress in the people experiencing it and considerable financial costs to society. Efforts are being made to reduce this burden by preventing depression. A critical component of this strategy is the ability to assess the individual level and profile of risk for the development of major depression. This paper presents the cost-effectiveness of a personalized intervention based on the risk of developing depression carried out in primary care, compared with usual care. Methods: Cost-effectiveness analyses are nested within a multicentre, clustered, randomized controlled trial of a personalized intervention to prevent depression. The study was carried out in 70 primary care centres from seven cities in Spain. Two general practitioners (GPs) were randomly sampled from those prepared to participate in each centre (i.e. 140 GPs), and 3326 participants consented and were eligible to participate. The intervention included the GP communicating to the patient his/her individual risk for depression and personal risk factors and the construction by both GPs and patients of a psychosocial programme tailored to prevent depression. In addition, GPs carried out measures to activate and empower the patients, who also received a leaflet about preventing depression. GPs were trained in a 10- to 15-h workshop. Costs were measured from a societal and National Health care perspective. Qualityadjustedlife years were assessed using the EuroQOL five dimensions questionnaire. The time horizon was 18 months.This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Health, the Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) ’A way to build Europe’(grant references PS09/02272, PS09/02147, PS09/01095, PS09/00849 and PS09/00461); the Andalusian Council of Health (grant reference PI-0569-2010); the Spanish Network of Primary Care Research ’redIAPP’ (RD06/0018, RD12/0005/0001); the ’Aragón group’ (RD06/0018/0020, RD12/0005/0006); the ’Bizkaya group’ (RD06/0018/0018, RD12/0005/0010); the Castilla-León Group (RD06/0018/0027); the Mental Health (SJD) Barcelona Group (RD06/0018/0017, RD12/0005/0008); and the Mental-Health, Services and Primary Care (SAMSERAP) MálagaGroup (RD06/0018/0039, RD12/0005/0005)

Adaptación al contexto universitario español y propiedades psicométricas del MSLQ: Contribución a la medida y análisis de las diferencias de género del aprendizaje autorregulado

A challenge in advancing research into self-regulated learning in general, and gender differences in particular, is related to the measurement of various components and self-regulatory processes of it. Therefore, this study aims to adapt into Spanish and analyzes 1) the internal structure, reliability, and gender invariance of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) and 2) the differences between males and females in the MSLQ dimensions and subdimensions. Participants consisted of 428 university students (73.7% women). Results showed that this adaptation is shorter than the original and has better metric properties than other versions. Also, invariance analysis showed that for men and women, the instrument possesses a common structure and loads (metric invariance) that guarantees valid score comparisons by gender. Moderate to high differences were found in women’s favor in the value given to homework, different learning strategies, and anxiety before examinations. This study responds to the need for a culturally adapted, valid, and reliable instrument in Spain and delves into gender differences in self-regulated learning, a key building block to successfully develop academic training at the present times.Una dificultad para el avance en la investigación del aprendizaje autorregulado en general, y las diferencias de género en particular, está relacionada con la medida de los diferentes componentes y procesos autorregulatorios. Por ello, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo adaptar y analizar 1) la estructura interna, fiabilidad e invarianza en función del género del Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) en español y 2) las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en las dimensiones y subdimensiones del MSLQ. Han participado 428 estudiantes universitarios (73,7% mujeres). Los resultados han evidenciado que esta adaptación es más breve que la versión original y presenta mejores propiedades métricas que otras versiones. La herramienta posee una estructura y pesos factoriales comunes (invariancia métrica)  para varones y mujeres que garantiza la validez de las comparaciones por género. Se han hallado diferencias de moderadas a altas a favor de las mujeres en el valor concedido a la tarea, distintas estrategias de aprendizaje y ansiedad ante los exámenes. Este estudio da respuesta a la necesidad de contar en España con un instrumento adaptado culturalmente a nuestro contexto, válido y fiable y ahonda en las diferencias de género en el aprendizaje autorregulado, constructo clave para desarrollar con éxito la formación académica en la actualidad

Psikometriako praktikak. Prozedura-eskuliburua

Psikometriako praktikak diziplinari dagozkion ezagutzak eta trebetasunak bermatzeko helburuarekin diseinatutako ekintzak dira. Psikometriako praktiken barruan proposatuko diren lanek erraztuko dute testak eraikitzeko, neurketaerremintak ebaluatzeko eta haien erabilera egokirako beharrezkoak diren kontzeptu, metodo eta teknikak ulertzea

Adaptation to the Spanish university context and psychometric properties of the MSLQ: Contributions to the measurement and analysis of gender differences of self-regulated learning.

Una dificultad para el avance en la investigación del aprendizaje autorregulado en general, y las diferencias de género en particular, está rela-cionada con la medida de los diferentes componentes y procesos autorre-gulatorios. Por ello, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo adaptar y anali-zar 1) la estructura interna, fiabilidad e invarianza en función del género del Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) en español y 2) las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en las dimensiones y subdimensio-nes del MSLQ. Han participado 428 universitarios (73,7% mujeres). Los resultados han evidenciado que esta adaptación es más breve que la versión original y presenta mejores propiedades métricas que otras versiones. La herramienta posee una estructura y pesos factoriales comunes (invariancia métrica) para hombres y mujeres que garantiza la validez de las compara-ciones por género. Se han hallado diferencias de moderadas a altas a favor de las mujeres en el valor concedido a la tarea, distintas estrategias de aprendizaje y ansiedad ante los exámenes. Este estudio da respuesta a la necesidad de contar en España con un instrumento adaptado culturalmente a nuestro contexto, válido y fiable y ahonda en las diferencias de género en el aprendizaje autorregulado, constructo clave para desarrollar con éxito la formación académica en la actualidad.A challenge in advancing research into self-regulated learning in general, and gender differences in particular, is related to the measurement of various components and self-regulatory processes of it. Therefore, this study aims to adapt into Spanish and analyzes 1) the internal structure, reli-ability, and gender invariance of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) and 2) the differences between males and females in the MSLQ dimensions and subdimensions. Participants consisted of 428 university students (73.7% women). Results showed that this adaptation is shorter than the original and has better metric properties than other ver-sions. Also, invariance analysis showed that for men and women, the in-strument possesses a common structure and loads (metric invariance) that guarantees valid score comparisons by gender. Moderate to high differ-ences were found in women’s favor in the value given to homework, dif-ferent learning strategies, and anxiety before examinations. This study re-sponds to the need for a culturally adapted, valid, and reliable instrument in Spain and delves into gender differences in self-regulated learning, a key building block to successfully develop academic training at the present times

Psikometriako praktikak. Prozedura-eskuliburua

Psikometriako praktikak diziplinari dagozkion ezagutzak eta trebetasunak bermatzeko helburuarekin diseinatutako ekintzak dira. Psikometriako praktiken barruan proposatuko diren lanek erraztuko dute testak eraikitzeko, neurketaerremintak ebaluatzeko eta haien erabilera egokirako beharrezkoak diren kontzeptu, metodo eta teknikak ulertzea