Zmiany w komórkach mezofilu liści roślin Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. spowodowane zasoleniem

Five-week-old tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) cv. Perkoz grown in pots containing garden soil in a growth chamber were submitted to 50 or 150 mM NaCl for 1 h, 2 and 5 days. Tomato leaf anatomy generally did not change after short time salinity, except 5-day-treatment with 150 mM NaCl, where changed cell shape (shrunk and deformed) simultaneously with increased volume of intercellular spaces (IS) were observed. Although leaf hydration (H) depleted only 1 h after 150 mM NaCl treatment both salt concentrations generated two coexisting populations of saltaffected mesophyll cells: (i) slightly-affected (Sl-A) which showed incipient plasmolysis or slightly changed shapes, and (ii) severely-affected (Sv-A) which showed severe plasmolysis; serious deformation of cell shape or disorganization including cell degeneration. In Sl-A cells salinity changed location and shape of chloroplasts which were: more rounded, with oversized starch grains (SG) (2d) or more flat (5d). Salt-mediated changes were becoming more distinguished and pronounced with length of 150 mM NaCl treatment. The amount of salt-affected cells was changing during the experiment and depended on the salt concentration. In 50 mM-treated plants salt-affected cells appeared 1 h after treatment (~40%) and raised up to 78% on 2nd day, however the population of Sl-A cells dominated. In 150 mM NaCl-treated plants the percentage of affected cells raised during the experiment from 75% to 99%. Firstly Sl-A cells dominated, but on the 5th day the majority was Sv-A. Salt-affected cells were distributed quite evenly in palisade or spongy mesophyll, except 2 d after treatment with 50 mM NaCl, when their number was higher in the palisade mesophyll. Sv-A cells in the spongy mesophyll were located mostly near the bundle while in the palisade mesophyll more irregularly. Different susceptibility of cells to salt stress might be the consequence of an unequal distribution of osmotic stress and subsequent ionic stress or physiological state of cells

XIV Ogólnopolska Konferencja Polskich Bibliotek Prawniczych "Biblioteka prawnicza jako warsztat pracy prawnika - badacza - naukowca" : (Warszawa, 22-23 września 2016 r.)

"XIV Ogólnopolska Konferencja Polskich Bibliotek Prawniczych pod hasłem „Biblioteka prawnicza jako warsztat pracy prawnika – badacza – naukowca” odbyła się w dniach 22–23 września 2016 r. w Warszawie. Jej organizatorami były biblioteki: Instytutu Nauk Prawnych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Wydziału Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Wydziału Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego oraz Kancelaria Hogan Lovells. Pierwsza Konferencja została zainicjowana w 2003 r. przez Bibliotekę Wydziału Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego." […] (fragm.

Spotkanie kierowników bibliotek prawniczych

Już po raz siódmy, pod koniec czerwca (26-27 VI 2009 r.), odbyło się Spotkanie Kierowników Bibliotek Prawniczych, tradycyjnie organizowane przez różne biblioteki, dotychczas we Wrocławiu, Słubicach/ Frankfurcie/Berlinie, Szczecinie, Katowicach/Krakowie, Toruniu i w Warszawie. Tegoroczne spotkanie zorganizowała Biblioteka Collegium Polonicum w Słubicach. Położone przy granicy polsko-niemieckiej Słubice oraz Frankfurt nad Odrą pełnią funkcję pomostu między Wschodem a Zachodem, Collegium Pollonicum zaś ukierunkowało swoje działania na rzecz naukowej i kulturowej współpracy między Polską a Niemcami, jako formy współpracy transgranicznej w dziedzinie badań i dydaktyki, realizowanej przez Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu i Uniwersytet Europejski Viadrina we Frankfurcie. Działająca przy Collegium Biblioteka jest naukowym zapleczem programów badawczych obu uniwersytetów[…

Biblioteka Wydziału Prawa i Administracji UŚ - wczoraj, dziś i jutro

The article describes the library at the Faculty of Law and Administration at the University of Silesia in Katowice. After short historical outline, the authors draw attention to the library resources and its development plans for several years

The effect of EDTA and EDDS on lead uptake and localization in hydroponically grown Pisum sativum L.

Pisum sativum plants were treated for 3 days with an aqueous solution of 100 lM Pb(NO3)2 or with a mixture of lead nitrate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or [S,S]-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) at equimolar concentrations. Lead decline from the incubation media and its accumulation and localization at the morphological and ultrastructural levels as well as plant growth parameters (root growth, root and shoot dry weight) were estimated after 1 and 3 days of treatment. The tested chelators, especially EDTA, significantly diminished Pb uptake by plants as compared to the lead nitrate-treated material. Simultaneously, EDTA significantly enhanced Pb translocation from roots to shoots. In the presence of both chelates, plant growth parameters remained considerably higher than in the case of uncomplexed Pb. Considerable differences between the tested chelators were visible in Pb localization both at the morphological and ultrastructural level. In Pb?EDTA-treated roots, lead was mainly located in the apical parts, while in Pb?EDDS-exposed material Pb was evenly distributed along the whole root length. Transmission electron microscopy and EDS analysis revealed that in meristematic cells of the roots incubated in Pb?EDTA, large electron-dense lead deposits were located in vacuoles and small granules were rarely noticed in cell walls or cytoplasm, while after Pb?EDDS treatment metal deposits were restricted to the border between plasmalemma and cell wall. Such results imply different ways of transport of those complexed Pb forms.The X-ray microanalysis was performed in the Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland at the equipment installed within the project sponsored by the EU Structural Funds: Centre of Advanced Technology BIM—Equipment purchase for the Laboratory of Biological and Medical Imaging. Conflict of interest T

The effect of pre-incubation of Allium cepa L. roots in the ATH-rich extract on Pb uptake and localization

The positive influence of anthocyanin (ATH) on toxic metal-treated plant material is well documented; however, it is still not explained if it is caused by changes in element absorption and distribution. Therefore, detailed analysis of the effect of the ATH-rich extract from red cabbage leaves on Pb uptake and localization at morphological, anatomical and ultrastructural level was the goal of this study. Two-day-old adventitious roots of Allium cepa L. (cv. Polanowska) were treated for 2 h with the aqueous solution of Pb(NO3)2 at the concentration of 100 μM with or without preliminary incubation in the anthocyanin-rich extract from Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata rubra leaves (250 μM, 3 h). The red cabbage extract did not change the total Pb uptake but it enhanced the translocation of accumulated metal from roots to shoots. Within the pretreated roots, more Pb was deposited in their basal part and definitely smaller amount of the metal was bound in the apoplast of the outer layers of cortex cells. The ultrastructural analysis (transmission electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis) revealed that the ATH-rich extract lowered the number of Pb deposits in intracellular spaces, cell wall and cytoplasm of root meristematic cells as well as in such organelles important to cell metabolism as mitochondria, plastids and nucleus. The Pb deposits were preferably localised in those vacuoles where ATH also occurred. This sequestration of Pb in vacuoles is probably responsible for reduction of metal cytotoxicity and consequently could lead to better plant growth.This work was supported by the grant of the University of Lodz, no. 505/04038

Metal Homeostasis and Gas Exchange Dynamics in Pisum sativum L. Exposed to Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles

Cerium dioxide nanoparticles are pollutants of emerging concern. They are rarely immobilized in the environment. This study extends our work on Pisum sativum L. as a model plant, cultivated worldwide, and is well suited for investigating additive interactions induced by nanoceria. Hydroponic cultivation, which prompts accurate plant growth control and three levels of CeO2 supplementation, were applied, namely, 100, 200, and 500 mg (Ce)/L. Phytotoxicity was estimated by fresh weights and photosynthesis parameters. Additionally, Ce, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ca, and Mg contents were analyzed by high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption and inductively coupled plasma optical emission techniques. Analysis of variance has proved that CeO2 nanoparticles affected metals uptake. In the roots, it decreased for Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Mg, while a reversed process was observed for Ca. The latter is absorbed more intensively, but translocation to above-ground parts is hampered. At the same time, nanoparticulate CeO2 reduced Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ca accumulation in pea shoots. The lowest Ce concentration boosted the photosynthesis rate, while the remaining treatments did not induce significant changes. Plant growth stimulation was observed only for the 100 mg/L. To our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates the effect of nanoceria on photosynthesis-related parameters in peas

Complexity of Brassica oleracea–Alternaria brassicicola Susceptible Interaction Reveals Downregulation of Photosynthesis at Ultrastructural, Transcriptional, and Physiological Levels

Black spot disease, caused by Alternaria brassicicola in Brassica species, is one of the most devastating diseases all over the world, especially since there is no known fully resistant Brassica cultivar. In this study, the visualization of black spot disease development on Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba (white cabbage) leaves and subsequent ultrastructural, molecular and physiological investigations were conducted. Inter- and intracellular hyphae growth within leaf tissues led to the loss of host cell integrity and various levels of organelle disintegration. Severe symptoms of chloroplast damage included the degeneration of chloroplast envelope and grana, and the loss of electron denseness by stroma at the advanced stage of infection. Transcriptional profiling of infected leaves revealed that photosynthesis was the most negatively regulated biological process. However, in infected leaves, chlorophyll and carotenoid content did not decrease until 48 hpi, and several chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, such as photosystem II quantum yield (Fv/Fm), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), or plant vitality parameter (Rdf) decreased significantly at 24 and 48 hpi compared to control leaves. Our results indicate that the initial stages of interaction between B. oleracea and A. brassicicola are not uniform within an inoculation site and show a complexity of host responses and fungal attempts to overcome host cell defense mechanisms. The downregulation of photosynthesis at the early stage of this susceptible interaction suggests that it may be a part of a host defense strategy, or, alternatively, that chloroplasts are targets for the unknown virulence factor(s) of A. brassicicola. However, the observed decrease of photosynthetic efficiency at the later stages of infection is a result of the fungus-induced necrotic lesion expansion

Ligand design and nuclearity variation towards dual emissive Pt(ii) complexes for singlet oxygen generation, dual channel bioimaging, and theranostics

Organic ligands comprising thiophene ring(s) afford complexes of transition metals, such as Pt(II) and Ir(III), with photoluminescence readily tunable via ligand modifications. In this work we demonstrate the targeted design of a NC-CN type ditopic ligand with a central thiophene ring as the cyclometalating core and variation of the nuclearity of the complex to fine-tune the photophysical properties of the material. The mononuclear complex Pt-1 shows red T-1 -> S-0 phosphorescence with the emission maximum at lambda = 660 nm. The dinuclear complex Pt-2 shows near infrared (NIR) T-1 -> S-0 phosphorescence peaking at lambda = 710 nm. In both cases the phosphorescence is quenched by molecular oxygen generating singlet oxygen molecules with high efficiencies of phi(Delta) approximate to 83% (Pt-1) and phi(Delta)approximate to 70% (Pt-2, respectively) in air-equilibrated CH2Cl2 solutions under ambient conditions. The red phosphorescence of Pt-1 is accompanied by green S-1 -> S-0 fluorescence with the maximum at lambda = 495 nm. This makes Pt-1 a dual emissive material with two emissions stemming from a single chromophore moiety. Transient absorption studies revealed a relatively low rate of ISC from the S-1 state to the triplet manifold with a time constant tau(ISC) of about 4 ps. The slow ISC in Pt-1 is rationalized by a specific electronic structure with a relatively large energy gap Delta E(S-1 -> T-1) approximate to 0.63 eV and the higher triplet state T-2 being higher in energy than the singlet state S-1. In dinuclear Pt-2, state T-2 lies below S-1 opening fast T-2 -> S-1 ISC paths with a time constant tau of only approximate to 0.13 ps. The unique dual emission of Pt-1 was beneficial for its imaging in HeLa cells as it enabled switching between green fluorescence and red phosphorescence channels of detection in the time-span of the single confocal luminescence microscopy experiment. Pt-1 represents a prototype of new theranostic agents combining cytotoxic activity with a unique dual wavelength mode of detection