Faire usage d'un outil de médiation pour aider les élèves à comprendre des textes résistants à l'école maternelle

La littérature prend aujourd'hui une place importante dès la maternelle. Or, de nombreux enfants n'ont pas toutes les clés en main pour comprendre un texte. En effet, certains textes sont appelés textes résistants car de nombreuses inférences y sont présentes. C'est pourquoi différents outils existent pour aider à la compréhension d'un récit : la marotte, les jeux de rôles, et plus particulièrement le tapis de lecture. Le tapis de lecture est un outil de médiation créé en fonction de l'histoire et de ses éléments implicites que l'on veut travailler avec l'enfant. Dans ce mémoire, nous avons analysé la pertinence d'un tel outil après avoir créé le tapis de lecture en lien avec l'album Maintenant que tu sais, d'Anne Crausaz. Nous l'avons alors présenté sur une classe de Grande Section afin de pouvoir évaluer son influence sur leur compréhension

Serge Bianchi et Roger Dupuy (dir.), La Garde nationale entre nation et peuple en armes. Mythes et réalités, 1789-1871

Cet ouvrage issu d’un colloque récent offre des éclairages couvrant l’ensemble de la « Nation », et au-delà, ainsi que des perspectives balisées de recherche ; le tout dans une édition soignée. Une double introduction des maîtres d’œuvre, programmatique et historiographique, ouvre un recueil composé, outre des 29 interventions, d’un cahier d’illustrations richement commentées, sorte d’ébauche d’une histoire iconographique de la Garde nationale, d’une substantielle orientation bibliographique ..

Jean-Pierre Jessenne, Renaud Morieux et Pascal Dupuy (éd.), Le négoce de la paix. Les nations et les traités franco-britanniques, 1713‑1802

Cet ouvrage, fruit d’une journée d’étude tenue à Rouen en 2003, s’inscrit dans la perspective d’une « nouvelle histoire diplomatique ». Il cherche à replacer l’étude des relations franco-britanniques au cours d’un xviiie siècle élargi, intégrant Révolution et Empire, sous de nouveaux angles d’attaque. L’ambition, au-delà de l’histoire sociale des négociations, celle des ambassadeurs et des ministres plénipotentiaires particulièrement développée pour le xviie siècle, vise à dévoiler les substr..

L’Armée en Bretagne au XVIIIe siècle. Institution militaire et société civile au temps de l’intendance et des États

Dans cet ouvrage tiré de sa thèse de doctorat, soutenue sous la direction du professeur Jean-Pierre Bois à l’Université de Nantes, Stéphane Perréon développe un travail au carrefour de plusieurs approches. Au-delà de la seule situation de l’armée de terre en Bretagne au XVIIIe siècle, il s’attache à retracer les liens tissés entre les institutions militaires, d’essence royale et extérieure, et une société civile locale pétrie d’un particularisme affirmé, ne serait-ce qu’au niveau linguistique..

L’Armée en Bretagne au XVIIIe siècle. Institution militaire et société civile au temps de l’intendance et des États

Dans cet ouvrage tiré de sa thèse de doctorat, soutenue sous la direction du professeur Jean-Pierre Bois à l’Université de Nantes, Stéphane Perréon développe un travail au carrefour de plusieurs approches. Au-delà de la seule situation de l’armée de terre en Bretagne au XVIIIe siècle, il s’attache à retracer les liens tissés entre les institutions militaires, d’essence royale et extérieure, et une société civile locale pétrie d’un particularisme affirmé, ne serait-ce qu’au niveau linguistique..

The expansion of 300 CTG repeats in myotonic dystrophy transgenic mice does not induce sensory or motor neuropathy

Summary: Although many studies have been carried out to verify the involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in dystrophia myotonica (DM1) patients, the results remain controversial. The generation of DM1 transgenic mice displaying the human DM1 phenotype provides a useful tool to investigate the type and incidence of structural abnormalities in the PNS. In the present study, the morphological and morphometric analysis of semi-thin sections of sciatic and sural nerves, lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and lumbar spinal cords revealed that in DM1 transgenic mice carrying 300 CTG repeats, there is no change in the number and diameter of myelinated axons compared to wild type. Only a non-significant reduction in the percentage of thin myelinated axons was detected in electron micrographs of ultra-thin sciatic nerve sections. Analysis of the number of neurons did not reveal a loss in number of either sensory neurons in the lumbar DRG or motor neurons in the lumbar spinal cord in these DM1 mice. Furthermore, in hind limb muscle sections, stained with a neurofilament antibody and α-bungarotoxin, the intramuscular axon arborization appeared normal in DM1 mice and undistinguishable from that in wild-type mice. Moreover, in DM1 mice, there was no irregularity in the structure or an increase in the endplate area. Also statistical analysis did not show an increase in endplate density or in the concentration of acetylcholine receptors. Altogether, these results suggest that 300 CTG repeats are not sufficient to induce axonopathy, demyelination or neuronopathies in this transgenic mouse mode

An Assessment of the Level of Protection Against Colibacillosis Conferred by Several Autogenous and/or Commercial Vaccination Programs in Conventional Pullets upon Experimental Challenge

The prevention of avian colibacillosis has historically been investigated through vaccination, with variable outcomes. Commercial live (attenuated) and inactivated vaccines are reported to have limited efficacy in the context of heterologous challenge. Autogenous vaccination, using field isolates, is widely used, but scarcely documented. Different vaccination programs, including a live commercial vaccine and/or an inactivated autogenous vaccine, were compared for three different avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strain (serotypes O78, O18 and O111) challenges. On the pullet farm, four groups of conventional pullets received different vaccination protocols. Group A was kept unvaccinated (control group). Group B was vaccinated three times with a live commercial O78 E. coli vaccine (at one day old, 59 and 110 days of age). Group C was immunized twice (at 79 and 110 days) with a three-valence autogenous vaccine (O78, O18 and O111). Group D was vaccinated first with the commercial vaccine (at one day old and 59 days), then with the autogenous vaccine (110 days). Birds were transferred to the experimental facility at 121 days of age and were challenged 10 days later. In each group, 20 birds were challenged with one of the three APEC strains (O78, O18, O111); in total, 80 birds were challenged by the same strains (20 per group). The recorded outcomes were: mortality rate, macroscopic lesion score in target organs and the bacterial recovery of the challenge strain from bone marrow and pooled organs. When challenged with O78 or O111 strains, birds from groups C and D proved to be significantly better protected, in terms of lesion scoring and bacteriological isolation, than those of groups A and B. With the O18 challenge, only birds of group D presented a statistically significant reduction of their lesion score. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on the efficacy of an immunization program in poultry that combines commercial and autogenous vaccines

Draft Genome Sequences of Four Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes Strains, 23051, 23053, 23055, and 23056, Isolated from Senegalese Sole ( Solea senegalensis )

International audienceThe bacterial species Aeromonas salmonicida officially has five subspecies. A large majority of the currently available sequences come from Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, which causes furunculosis in salmonids. We present the genomic sequences of four Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes strains. This will help increase the robustness of genomic analyses for this subspecies

Hanging out at the club: Breeding status and territoriality affect individual space use, multi‐species overlap and pathogen transmission risk at a seabird colony

1. Wildlife movement ecology often focuses on breeders, whose territorial attachments facilitate trapping and following individuals over time. This leads to incomplete understanding of movements of individuals not actively breeding due to age, breeding failure, subordinance, and other factors. These individuals are often present in breeding populations and contribute to processes such as competition and pathogen spread. Therefore, excluding them from movement ecology studies could bias or mask important spatial dynamics. 2. Loafing areas offer an alternative to breeding sites for capturing and tracking individuals. Such sites may allow for sampling individuals regardless of breeding status, while also avoiding disturbance of sensitive breeding areas. However, little is known about the breeding status of individuals attending loafing sites, or how their movements compare to those of breeders captured at nests. 3. We captured a seabird, the brown skua, attending either nests or loafing areas (‘clubs’) at a multi-species seabird breeding site on Amsterdam Island (southern Indian Ocean). We outfitted skuas with GPS-UHF transmitters and inferred breeding statuses of individuals captured at clubs using movement patterns of breeders captured at nests. We then compared space use and activity patterns between breeders and nonbreeders. 4. Both breeding and nonbreeding skuas attended clubs. Nonbreeders ranged more widely, were more active, and overlapped more with other seabirds and marine mammals than did breeders. Moreover, some nonbreeders occupied fixed territories and displayed more restricted movements than those without territories. Nonbreeders became less active over the breeding season, while activity of breeders remained stable. Nonbreeding skuas were exposed to the agent of avian cholera at similar rates to breeders but were more likely to forage in breeding areas of the endangered endemic Amsterdam albatross, increasing opportunities for interspecific pathogen transmission. 5. Our results show that inference based only on breeders fails to capture important aspects of population-wide movement patterns. Capturing nonbreeders as well as breeders would help to improve population-level representation of movement patterns, elucidate and predict effects of external changes and conservation interventions (e.g. rat eradication) on movement patterns and pathogen spread, and develop strategies to manage outbreaks of diseases such as highly pathogenic avian influenza