Advokasi Persaingan Usaha untuk Petani Kecil dan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah

Petani dan UMKM memiliki posisi yang lebih lemah ketika menjalin kerja sama dengan perusahaan besar. Oleh karena itu perlu dibangun prinsip saling membutuhkan antara kedua pihak dalam menjalin kerjasama. Terkadang perusahaan besar merasa lebih dibutuhkan karena merasa memiliki daya tawar yang lebih tinggi terhadap petani dan UMKM. Jika hal ini terjadi dan terdapat indikasi adanya persaingan usaha tidak sehat, maka petani dan UMKM dapat melaporkannya kepada KPPU. Sayangnya keberadaan dan peran KPPU belum banyak diketahui oleh petani dan UMKM. Untuk menyebarluaskan peran KPPU maka KPPU secara aktif melakukan advokasi kepada berbagai pihak. Pihak akademisi dari Universitas Presiden yang memiliki kerjasama dengan petani dan UMKM mengundang KPPU untuk memberikan materi advokasi bagi sivitas akademis Universitas Presiden dan para petani dan UMKM. Acara berlangsung di ruang kuliah Universitas Presiden dengan peserta yang bersemangat. Acara terdiri dari seminar, tanya jawab dan diskusi. Pada akhir acara peserta memberikan sambutan positif atas acara yang telah diadakan

The Difference in Perceived Risk by Gender Among Novice Investors: Before and During Covid-19 Pandemic

Understanding of risk is very important for investors, especially for novice investors. Their perception about risk, whether for male or female novice investor is interesting to study. Likewise, in the current Covid-19 pandemic situation, analyzing the differences in the perceived risk between the two is interesting also to do, since it determines their investment behavior. At the end, their investment behavior will affect the economic condition. This quantitative study aims to know whether there are any differences in perception of investment risk between male and female novice investors, both before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Beside that, this study also examines the interaction between gender and other demographic factors (age, education, occupation and income) to differentiate perceived risk, both before and during Covid-19 pandemic. The perceived risk variable used in this study was measured using five statement indicators. Data were obtained from 299 novice investor respondents in the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2020, then processed and analyzed using the paired t-test for the mean difference method. The results showed that there were differences in perceived risk between male and female investors in the period before the Covid-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, during the Covid-19 pandemic, there was no difference between the two. Beside that there was a difference in perceived risk of male/female between before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, age and occupation were the factors that differentiate perceived risk, especially before Covid-19 pandemics, while education, and income are not