2,187 research outputs found
Coal desulfurization process
A method for chlorinolysis of coal is an organic solvent at a moderate temperautre and atmospheric pressure has been proven to be effective in removing sulfur, particularly the organic sulfur, from coal. Chlorine gas is bubbled through a slurry of moist coal in chlorinated solvent. The chlorinated coal is separated, hydrolyzed and the dechlorinated. Preliminary results of treating a high sulfutr (4.77%S) bituminous coal show that up to 70% organic sulfur, 90% hyritic sulfur and 76% total sulfur can be removed. The treated coal is dechlorinated by heating at 500 C. The presence of moisture helps to remove organic sulfur
Simulation of electrostatic ion instabilities in the presence of parallel currents and transverse electric fields
A spatially two-dimensional electrostatic PIC simulation code was used to study the stability of a plasma equilibrium characterized by a localized transverse dc electric field and a field-aligned drift for L is much less than Lx, where Lx is the simulation length in the x direction and L is the scale length associated with the dc electric field. It is found that the dc electric field and the field-aligned current can together play a synergistic role to enable the excitation of electrostatic waves even when the threshold values of the field aligned drift and the E x B drift are individually subcritical. The simulation results show that the growing ion waves are associated with small vortices in the linear stage, which evolve to the nonlinear stage dominated by larger vortices with lower frequencies
Process for the Physical Segregation of Minerals
With highly heterogeneous groups or streams of minerals, physical segregation using online quality measurements is an economically important first stage of the mineral beneficiation process. Segregation enables high quality fractions of the stream to bypass processing, such as cleaning operations, thereby reducing the associated costs and avoiding the yield losses inherent in any downstream separation process. The present invention includes various methods for reliably segregating a mineral stream into at least one fraction meeting desired quality specifications while at the same time maximizing yield of that fraction
Weak turbulence theory of the non-linear evolution of the ion ring distribution
The nonlinear evolution of an ion ring instability in a low-beta
magnetospheric plasma is considered. The evolution of the two-dimensional ring
distribution is essentially quasilinear. Ignoring nonlinear processes the
time-scale for the quasilinear evolution is the same as for the linear
instability 1/t_ql gamma_l. However, when nonlinear processes become important,
a new time scale becomes relevant to the wave saturation mechanism. Induced
nonlinear scattering of the lower-hybrid waves by plasma electrons is the
dominant nonlinearity relevant for plasmas in the inner magnetosphere and
typically occurs on the timescale 1/t_ql w(M/m)W/nT, where W is the wave energy
density, nT is the thermal energy density of the background plasma, and M/m is
the ion to electron mass ratio, which has the consequence that the wave
amplitude saturates at a low level, and the timescale for quasilinear
relaxation is extended by orders of magnitude
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