Effect of Rotation on Ferromagnetic Porous Convection with a Thermal Non-Equilibrium Model

The effect of rotation on the onset of thermal convection in a horizontal layer of ferrofluid saturated Brinkman porous medium is investigated in the presence of a uniform vertical magnetic field using a local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) model. A two-field model for temperature representing the solid and fluid phases separately is used for energy equation. The condition for the occurrence of stationary and oscillatory convection is obtained analytically. The stability of the system has been analyzed when the magnetic and buoyancy forces are acting together as well as in isolation and the similarities as well as differences between the two are highlighted. In contrast to the non-rotating case, it is shown that decrease in the Darcy number Da and an increase in the ratio of effective viscosity to fluid viscosity Λ is to hasten the onset of stationary convection at high rotation rates and a coupling between these two parameters is identified in destabilizing the system. Asymptotic solutions for both small and large values of scaled interphase heat transfer coefficient H t are presented and compared with those computed numerically. Besides, the influence of magnetic parameters and also parameters representing LTNE on the stability of the system is discussed and the veracity of LTNE model over the LTE model is also analyzed

Genetics, genomics and breeding of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Groundnut is an important food and oil crop in the semiarid tropics, contributing to household food consumption and cash income. In Asia and Africa, yields are low attributed to various production constraints. This review paper highlights advances in genetics, genomics and breeding to improve the productivity of groundnut. Genetic studies concerning inheritance, genetic variability and heritability, combining ability and trait correlations have provided a better understanding of the crop's genetics to develop appropriate breeding strategies for target traits. Several improved lines and sources of variability have been identified or developed for various economically important traits through conventional breeding. Significant advances have also been made in groundnut genomics including genome sequencing, marker development and genetic and trait mapping. These advances have led to a better understanding of the groundnut genome, discovery of genes/variants for traits of interest and integration of marker‐assisted breeding for selected traits. The integration of genomic tools into the breeding process accompanied with increased precision of yield trialing and phenotyping will increase the efficiency and enhance the genetic gain for release of improved groundnut varieties

Brinkman ferroconvection Effects of vertical heterogeneity in permeability and local thermal non-equilibrium

Purpose - The simultaneous effects of local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) and vertical heterogeneity in permeability on the onset of ferromagnetic convection in a Brinkman porous medium are analyzed in the presence of a uniform vertical magnetic field. The eigenvalue problem is solved numerically using shooting method for isothermal rigid-ferromagnetic boundaries for various forms of vertically stratified permeability function γ(z). The effect of vertically stratified permeability is found to either hasten or delay the onset of ferromagnetic convection. The deviation in the critical Rayleigh number between different forms of γ(z) is found to be not so significant with an increase in the Darcy number. It is observed that the general quadratic variation of γ(z) has more destabilizing effect on the system when compared to the constant permeability porous medium case. Besides, the influence of LTNE and magnetic parameters on the criterion for the onset of ferromagnetic convection has been assessed in detail. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach - Ferroconvection in a porous medium has been analyzed considering heterogeneity in the permeability of the porous medium. The resulting eigenvalue problem has been solved numerically using shooting method as well as Galerkin method for realistic boundary conditions. Findings - The novelty of the present study lies in understanding the effect of heterogeneity in the permeability of the porous medium on control of ferroconvection in a porous medium. In analyzing the problem, realistic boundary conditions are considered and the resulting eigenvalue problem is solved numerically using shooting method as well as Galerkin method. Originality/value - Control of ferroconvection in a porous medium is an important feature in heat transfer-related problems and many mechanisms are being used to understand this aspect in the literature. The novelty of the present study lies in recognizing the effect of heterogeneity in the permeability of the porous medium on control of ferroconvection. This fact has been analyzed in detail for various forms of heterogeneity functions using numerical techniques by considering realistic boundary conditions. © Emerald Publishing Limited

Effects of MFD viscosity and LTNE on the onset of ferromagnetic convection in a porous medium

The combined effect of magnetic field dependent (MFD) viscosity and a local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) on the criterion for the onset of ferromagnetic convection in a ferrofluid saturated horizontal porous layer heated from below in the presence of a uniform vertical magnetic field is studied analytically using linear stability theory. A modified Darcy equation is used to describe the flow in the porous medium and a two-field model for temperature each representing the solid as well as fluid phases separately is used for energy equation. It is demonstrated that the principle of exchange of stability is valid. The results indicate that the onset of ferromagnetic convection is delayed with an increase in the MFD viscosity parameter but shows no influence on the critical wave number. Moreover, the system is found to be more stable when the magnetic forces alone are present. Asymptotic solutions for both small and large values of scaled interphase heat transfer coefficient Ht are presented and compared with those computed numerically. An excellent agreement is obtained between the asymptotic and the numerical results. Besides, the influence of magnetic and LTNE parameters on the stability characteristics of the system is also discussed. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene polymorphism in pulmonary tuberculosis in the Indian population

A variant of the protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene is known to be associated with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases and bacterial infections as it acts as an important regulator of T-cell activation. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether PTPN22-C1858T polymorphism is associated with the resistance to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Single-nucleotide polymorphism of PTPN22-C1858T (rs2476601) was genotyped in 124 patients with PTB and 130 healthy controls from India using restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing of the amplified DNA. The frequencies of genotypes CC, CT, and TT were 100%, 0%, and 0%, respectively, in PTB; and 99.2%, 0.8% and 0%, respectively, in healthy control individuals. These values did not differ significantly between the patients and controls. The mutant allele C1858T was found to be a rare allele in Indian population

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Not AvailableInterleukin 15 (IL-15) plays crucial role as stimulatory cytokine in generation and proliferation of CD8+ T memory cells. The present study was initiated to analyze the role of yeast-expressed bovine IL-15 in inducing the CD8+ T memory cells. The bIL-15 was cloned in pPICZαA expression vector. The expressed bovine IL-15 was purified by anion exchange chromatography and further characterized using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Biological activity of the purified protein was evaluated in vitro through induction of Bcl2 in IL-15 stimulated PBMCs was measured using qPCR and the phosphorylation of STAT3 was confirmed by immuno-staining of HEK273 cells. From the recent research studies, it was evident that the fatty acid oxidation catalyzed by Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase 1a (Cpt1a) is a critical step during the conversion of effector CD8+ T cells to memory CD8+ T cells which is induced by IL-15. There were no research studies revealed the role of IL-15 on activating memory CD8+ T cells by influencing the Cpt1a in Bovines was documented; yet and in the present study, we evaluated that bovine IL-15 could induce the expression of Cpt1a in IL-15 treated bovine PBMCs and helps in memory cell induction.Not Availabl