Collective states of the odd-mass nuclei within the framework of the Interacting Vector Boson Model

A supersymmetric extension of the dynamical symmetry group $Sp^{B}(12,R)$ of the Interacting Vector Boson Model (IVBM), to the orthosymplectic group $OSp(2\Omega/12,R)$ is developed in order to incorporate fermion degrees of freedom into the nuclear dynamics and to encompass the treatment of odd mass nuclei. The bosonic sector of the supergroup is used to describe the complex collective spectra of the neighboring even-even nuclei and is considered as a core structure of the odd nucleus. The fermionic sector is represented by the fermion spin group $SO^{F}(2\Omega)\supset SU^{F}(2)$. The so obtained, new exactly solvable limiting case is applied for the description of the nuclear collective spectra of odd mass nuclei. The theoretical predictions for different collective bands in three odd mass nuclei, namely $^{157}Gd$, $^{173}Yb$ and $^{163}Dy$ from rare earth region are compared with the experiment. The $B(E2)$ transition probabilities for the $^{157}Gd$ and $^{163}Dy$ between the states of the ground band are also studied. The important role of the symplectic structure of the model for the proper reproduction of the $B(E2)$ behavior is revealed. The obtained results reveal the applicability of the models extension.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figure

New Description of the Doublet Bands in Doubly Odd Nuclei

The experimentally observed $\Delta I = 1$ doublet bands in some odd-odd nuclei are analyzed within the orthosymplectic extension of the Interacting Vector Boson Model (IVBM). A new, purely collective interpretation of these bands is given on the basis of the obtained boson-fermion dynamical symmetry of the model. It is illustrated by its application to three odd-odd nuclei from the $A\sim 130$ region, namely $^{126}Pr$, $^{134}Pr$ and $^{132}La$. The theoretical predictions for the energy levels of the doublet bands as well as $E2$ and $M1$ transition probabilities between the states of the yrast band in the last two nuclei are compared with experiment and the results of other theoretical approaches. The obtained results reveal the applicability of the orthosymplectic extension of the IVBM.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figure

Structure of the doublet bands in doubly odd nuclei: The case of 128Cs^{128}Cs

The structure of the $\Delta J = 1$ doublet bands in $^{128}Cs$ is investigated within the framework of the Interacting Vector Boson Fermion Model (IVBFM). A new, purely collective interpretation of these bands is given on the basis of the used boson-fermion dynamical symmetry of the model. The energy levels of the doublet bands as well as the absolute $B(E2)$ and $B(M1)$ transition probabilities between the states of both yrast and yrare bands are described quite well. The observed odd-even staggering of both $B(M1)$ and $B(E2)$ values is reproduced by the introduction of an appropriate interaction term of quadrupole type, which produces such a staggering effect in the transition strengths. The calculations show that the appearance of doublet bands in certain odd-odd nuclei could be a consequence of the realization of a larger dynamical symmetry based on the non-compact supersymmetry group $OSp(2\Omega /12, R)$.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure

Application Dependent End-of-Life Threshold Definition Methodology for Batteries in Electric Vehicles

The end-of-life event of the battery system of an electric vehicle is defined by a fixed end-of-life threshold value. However, this kind of end-of-life threshold does not capture the application and battery characteristics and, consequently, it has a low accuracy in describing the real end-of-life event. This paper proposes a systematic methodology to determine the end-of-life threshold that describes accurately the end-of-life event. The proposed methodology can be divided into three phases. In the first phase, the health indicators that represent the aging behavior of the battery are defined. In the second phase, the application specifications and battery characteristics are evaluated to generate the end-of-life criteria. Finally, in the third phase, the simulation environment used to calculate the end-of-life threshold is designed. In this third phase, the electric-thermal behavior of the battery at different aging conditions is simulated using an electro-thermal equivalent circuit model. The proposed methodology is applied to a high-energy electric vehicle application and to a high-power electric vehicle application. The stated hypotheses and the calculated end-of-life threshold of the high-energy application are empirically validated. The study shows that commonly assumed 80 or 70% EOL thresholds could lead to mayor under or over lifespan estimations.The iModBatt project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Programme for research and innovation under Grant Agreement No. 770054

Credibility and adjustment: gold standards versus currency boards

It is often maintained that currency boards (CBs) and gold standards (GSs) are alike in that they are stringent monetary rules, the two basic features of which are high credibility of monetary authorities and the existence of automatic adjustment (non discretionary) mechanism. This article includes a comparative analysis of these two types of regimes both from the perspective of the sources and mechanisms of generating confidence and credibility, and the elements of operation of the automatic adjustment mechanism. Confidence under the GS is endogenously driven, whereas it is exogenously determined under the CB. CB is a much more asymmetric regime than GS (the adjustment is much to the detriment of peripheral countries) although asymmetry is a typical feature of any monetary regime. The lack of credibility is typical for peripheral countries and cannot be overcome completely even by “hard” monetary regimes.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40078/3/wp692.pd

Distributed Object Implementations for Interactive Applications

. As computers become pervasive in the home and community and homes become better connected, new applications will be deployed over the Internet. Interactive Distributed Applications involve users in multiple locations, across a wide area network, who interact and cooperate by manipulating shared objects. A timely response to user actions, which can potentially update the state of the objects, is an important requirement of interactive applications. Because of the inherent heterogeneity of the environment, distributed applications are built using technologies like distributed objects. Central server based implementations of distributed objects cannot meet the response time needs of interactive users because invocations are always subject to communication latencies. Our approach is to extend these technologies with aggressive caching and replication mechanisms to provide interactive response time and to improve scalability. A flexible caching framework is presented, where ob..

Experimental Setup for Neural Networks and Camera-Based Navigation of Mobile Systems

The aim of this work is the application and evaluation of a method to visually detect markers at a distance of up to five meters and determine their real-world position. Combinations of cameras and lenses with different parameters were studied to determine the optimal configuration. Based on this configuration, camera images were taken after proper calibration. These images are then transformed into a bird's eye view using a homography matrix. The homography matrix is calculated with four-point pairs as well as with coordinate transformations. The obtained images show the ground plane un distorted, making it possible to convert a pixel position into a real-world position with a conversion factor. The proposed approach helps to effectively create data sets for training neural networks for navigation purposes