Correlation of systolic pressure variation, pulse pressure variation and stroke volume variation in different preload conditions following a single dose mannitol infusion in elective neurosurgical patients

Background: A Prospective observational study was designed assess the correlation between arterial pressure waveform derived indices and echocardiography derived stroke volume variation (SVV) at different preload conditions in patients undergoing elective craniotomies. Methods: Systolic pressure variation (SPV) and pulse pressure variation (PPV) were calculated from the arterial waveform. SVV was measured from transoesophageal echocardiography. After measuring baseline values for all three parameters, 1 g/kg of mannitol infusion (20%) was given over 15–20 min. Repeated measurements of SPV, PPV, SVV, urine output and peak airway pressure were done at the interval of 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after stopping mannitol infusion. Pearson correlation coefficient (level of significance), and receiver operating characteristics curve were used for statistical analysis. Results: Significant correlation was present between SPV and SVV throughout the study. Significant correlation between SPV and PPV was present only at 90 min and 2 h after mannitol. The predictive effect of SPV and PPV in differentiating a volume loss ≥10 mL/kg was better than SVV. The best cut-off values for SPV, PPV and SVV were 12%, 9% and 20%, respectively. Conclusions: During mechanical ventilation with a tidal volume of 8 mL/kg, SPV correlated significantly with SVV at different preload conditions following mannitol infusion. PPV correlated poorly with SVV. SPV and PPV correlated only in the presence of hypovolaemia

Knowledge of Vegetable Growers on the Effects of Agricultural Chemicals

The present study was conducted in Kolar district of Karnataka state during 2018-19 to understand the knowledge level of vegetable growers on the effects of agricultural chemicals. The data was collected from 120 vegetable growing farmers in Kolar and Malur talukas by applying simple random sampling technique and pretested interview schedule. Results revealed that more than forty per cent of the vegetable growers (42.50 %) possessed medium level of knowledge on the effects of agricultural chemicals, more than three fourth of the vegetable growers. (77.50 %) knew that taking bath using soap immediately after application of agricultural chemicals was a must, only 53.33 per cent. of the vegetable growers knew that red colour on the agricultural chemical container indicated extremely toxic level, sixty per cent of the vegetable growers knew that usage of same fertilizer for a long time reduces soil fertility, nearly seventy per cent of the vegetable growers (69.17 %) knew about importance of puncturing the pesticide bottle to prevent its reuse and burying it in the waste land as a safe method of disposal. The results of the study implies that still majority of the farmers were largely unaware of ill-effects of agro-chemicals on various entities like soil, underground water, water bodies, soil micro-organisms, natural predators as well as their personal health. This necessitates the extension agencies to sensitize farmers on optimum use of agro-chemicals for a sustainable farming and livelihood. Other variables like age, family size, annual income, size of land holding hardly associated with their knowledge on the effects of agricultural chemicals

Synthesis and characterization of N-phenyl pyrrole anchored to Fischer carbene complex through ring closing metathesis oxidative aromatization and various aryl substituted Fischer carbene complexes

Ring closing metathesis of pentacarbonyl[(ethoxy)(N,N-diallyl anilyl)carbene]tungsten(0) complex, [(CO)5Wdouble bond; length as m-dashC(OCH2CH3)C6H4N(CH2CHdouble bond; length as m-dashCH2)2], 1 leads to the formation of pentacarbonyl[(ethoxy)(N-phenyl 2,5-dihydro pyrrolyl)carbene]tungsten(0) complex, [(CO)5Wdouble bond; length as m-dashC(OCH2CH3)C6H4N (CH2CHdouble bond; length as m-dashCH2)2], 2 in good yield. Further, complex 2 undergoes oxidative aromatization to afford N-phenyl pyrrole anchored to alkoxy carbene, 3. In addition, a number of aryl substituted carbene complexes [(CO)5Wdouble bond; length as m-dashC(OCH2CH3)C6H4R], 4–7 (4: R = OCH2CH3; 5: R = OCH2CHdouble bond; length as m-dashCH2; 6: R = OCHdouble bond; length as m-dashCHCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3; 7: OC6H5Br) have been synthesized from the reaction of 1-(allyloxy)-4-bromobenzene with W(CO)6 in presence of various concentration of n-BuLi and Meerwein's salt. All the complexes have been isolated in moderate to good yields and have been characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, UV–vis spectroscopic techniques and the solid state structures of 1, 2 and 4 have been unequivocally established by X-ray diffraction analysis

Participation of Head Reach and Tail-end Farmers and their Relation between Profile Characteristics in Water Users’ Associations in Tungabhadra Command Area of Koppal District of Karnataka, India

The present study conducted during Kharif 2020 investigates the participation of head reach and tail-end farmers within Water Users' Associations (WUAs) in the Tungabhadra Command Area of Koppal district. The study aims to understand and compare the engagement levels of farmers situated at different positions within the irrigation system. Using an ex-post facto research design, data was collected from 120 farmers across twelve WUAs in Gangavathi and Karatagi taluks. Statistical analysis revealed distinctive patterns in the participation of head reach and tail-end farmers within these associations. The findings suggest that head reach farmers, benefiting from assured water access, exhibited moderate to poor levels of participation in WUAs. Contrarily, tail-end farmers, often facing water scarcity issues, demonstrated better engagement levels, effectively managing available water resources through diverse agricultural practices. Moreover, an in-depth analysis explored the relationship between profile characteristics and farmers' participation in WUAs. Variables such as social participation, economic and achievement motivations, extension contacts, and management orientations significantly influenced farmers' involvement in water management activities. Therefore, the findings emphasize the need for training programs and interactive sessions between farmers, WUA officials, and authorities to enhance effective water resource utilization. Further, understanding the varying levels of participation based on geographical advantage or disadvantage can help tailor strategies to improve equitable water distribution and management within these associations

Triazolyl alkoxy fischer carbene complexes in conjugation with ferrocene/pyrene as sensory units: multifunctional chemosensors for lead(II), copper(II), and zinc(II) ions

The regioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of alkoxy alkynyl Fischer carbene complex 1 with azidomethyl ferrocene 2 and with azidomethyl pyrene 4 under solvent-free conditions yielded the triazolyl Fischer carbene complexes 3 (C27H21O6N3FeW) and 5(C33H21O6N3W), respectively. The cation complexation properties of these receptors have been systematically studied using electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. The exceptional structural feature existing in these receptors is the presence of a Fischer carbene moiety, connected to the ferrocene or pyrene moiety through a 1,2,3-triazole ring. Receptor 3 contains a redox-active ferrocene moiety and is highly selective toward Pb2+ ion, whereas receptor 5, having a fluorescent pyrene unit, selectively recognizes Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions. The binding ability of receptor 3 can be inferred either from the redox shift (the anodic shift ΔE1/2 = 55 mV) or the highly visual output response for Pb2+ ion. Receptor 5 displays considerable chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) upon binding with Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions in an aqueous environment. Further, the proposed binding modes of these receptors and their metal cation complexation properties have been supported by 1H NMR titration and MALDI-MS and a DFT study

Triazolyl Alkoxy Fischer Carbene Complexes in Conjugation with Ferrocene/Pyrene as Sensory Units: Multifunctional Chemosensors for Lead(II), Copper(II), and Zinc(II) Ions

The regioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of alkoxy alkynyl Fischer carbene complex <b>1</b> with azidomethyl ferrocene <b>2</b> and with azidomethyl pyrene <b>4</b> under solvent-free conditions yielded the triazolyl Fischer carbene complexes <b>3</b> (C₂₇H₂₁O₆N₃FeW) and <b>5</b> (C₃₃H₂₁O₆N₃W), respectively. The cation complexation properties of these receptors have been systematically studied using electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. The exceptional structural feature existing in these receptors is the presence of a Fischer carbene moiety, connected to the ferrocene or pyrene moiety through a 1,2,3-triazole ring. Receptor <b>3</b> contains a redox-active ferrocene moiety and is highly selective toward Pb²⁺ ion, whereas receptor <b>5</b>, having a fluorescent pyrene unit, selectively recognizes Zn²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions. The binding ability of receptor <b>3</b> can be inferred either from the redox shift (the anodic shift Δ<i>E</i>_1/2 = 55 mV) or the highly visual output response for Pb²⁺ ion. Receptor <b>5</b> displays considerable chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) upon binding with Zn²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions in an aqueous environment. Further, the proposed binding modes of these receptors and their metal cation complexation properties have been supported by ¹H NMR titration and MALDI-MS and a DFT study