Non-Local Deformation of a Supersymmetric Field Theory

In this paper, we will analyse a supersymmetric field theory deformed by generalized uncertainty principle and Lifshitz scaling. It will be observed that this deformed supersymmetric field theory contains non-local fractional derivative terms. In order to construct such deformed N=1 supersymmetric theory, a harmonic extension of functions will be used. However, the supersymmetry will be only preserved for a free theory and will be broken by the inclusion of interaction terms.Comment: 12 pages, pulished versio

Shell model study of the pairing correlations

A systematic study of the pairing correlations as a function of temperature and angular momentum has been performed in the sd-shell region using the spherical shell model approach. The pairing correlations have been derived for even-even, even-odd and odd-odd systems near N=Z and also for the asymmetric case of N=Z+4. The results indicate that the pairing content and the behavior of pair correlations is similar in even-even and odd-mass nuclei. For odd-odd N=Z system, angular momentum I=0 state is an isospin, t=1 neutron-proton paired configuration. Further, these t=1 correlations are shown to be dramatically reduced for the asymmetric case of N=Z+4. The shell model results obtained are qualitatively explained within a simplified degenerate model

Gene Polymorphism Of Cyp1a1/Cyp2d6 And Their Association With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (All) In Kashmiri Children

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a type of cancer that affects immature lymphocytes developing in the bone marrow. Genetic susceptibility to leukemias can be related to the polymorphisms in CYP2D6 and CYP1A1 genes and consistent with this paradigm several polymorphisms have been identified in the pathogenesis of lymphoid malignancies.CYP2D6 and CYP1A1- the member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, are the most important enzymes involved in the metabolism of various drugs in the body. To determine whether these genes played a similar role in childhood leukemogenesis in the Kashmiri children, we compared the allele frequencies of 120 childhood ALL patients and 110 controls for the CYP1A1 and CYP2D6 genes. Genotyping was done by PCR-RFLP technique and results were validated by direct sequencing of the PCR products. We observed that the CYP2D6 (G) allele frequency was 97.27% in the controls and 45% in cases and CYP2D6 (A) allele frequency was 2.72% in the controls and 55% in cases. While as in case of CYP1A1 the frequency of CYP1A1 (T) allele was 88.75% in the controls and 83.88% in cases and CYP1A1 (C) allele frequency was 11.25% in controls and 16.66% in cases. This difference in frequency was found to be statistically insignificant with a P>0.05. The CYP2D6 wild genotype frequency was found to be present in 33.33% of the cases and 96.36% of the controls, the hetero variant in 23.33% of the cases and 1.82% of controls, and the mutant genotype in 43.33% of cases and 1.82% of controls. While as in case of CYP1A1, the wild genotype was found to be present in 70.83% of cases and 85.45% in controls, the hetero genotype in 25% of the cases and 22.73% of controls and the mutant was found to be present in 4.17% of the cases and 0.9% of controls. We observed that an increased risk associated with CYP2D6 Mutant genotype 43.33% (OR = 68.90, 95% CI, 16.02-296.3; P = <0.0001 ) and Wild genotype 33.33% and low with hetero genotype 23.33% of CYP2D6 as compared to the controls and also increased risk is associated with CYP1A1 wild (T/T) genotype 70.83 % and hetero 25% (OR 1.33, 95% CI, 0.72- 2.43; P = 0.44) and low in case of mutant (C/C) genotype 4.17% ( OR = 5.53, CI 95% 0.63-48.31, P = 0.19) as compared to the controls. Thus, our study suggests that there is an association between gene polymorphism of CYP2D6 and CYP1A1 and the development of ALL in Kashmiri children

Evaluation of Thymidylate Synthase Polymorphisms in ALL patients of Kashmir

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disorder of lymphoid progenitor cells, affects both children and adults, with peak prevalence between the ages of 2 and 5 years, and is the most common paediatric cancer. Genetic susceptibility to leukemias can be related to the polymorphisms in multiple genes and consistent with this paradigm; several polymorphisms have been identified in the pathogenesis of lymphoid malignancies. The enzyme encoded by Thymidylate Synthase (TS) gene is a crucial enzyme in the folate metabolism and plays an important role in the DNA synthesis and repair pathway. Impairments in this enzyme have been associated with chromosome breaks and fragile site induction, which in turn have been associated with the development of lymphoid malignancies including leukemias. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the tandem repeat polymorphism in the TS promoter region is a risk factor for the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Kashmiri population. The repeat polymorphism in the TS gene was evaluated in 72 ALL cases and 82 (age, sex and region matched, non malignant) controls by PCR analysis of DNA obtained from the blood of the subjects and direct sequencing of the PCR products. We observed that the TS triple tandem repeat (3R) allele frequency was 73.75 % in the controls and 67.91% in cases. This difference in frequency was found to be statistically insignificant with a P = 0.2713(P> .05). The TS 2R/2R genotype was found to be present in 13.88% of the cases and 9.75% of the controls, the 2R/3R variant in 31.94% of the cases and 31.70% of controls, and the 3R/3R genotype in 47.22% of cases and 56.09% of controls. We observed that although the proportion of patients who were homozygous for the TS tandem repeat(3R/3R) was lower in cases than in controls, the difference was not statistically significant when using 2R/2R genotype as a reference (OR= 0.5913; 95% CI, 0.2111-1.657; P = 0.3143). Similarly, we observed the frequency of the heterozygous genotype (2R/3R) when compared with 2R/2R genotype was not much different between the cases and controls hence, statistically insignificant (OR=0.7077; 95% CI, 0.2389- 2.097; P= 0.5317). Thus, our study suggests that there is no association between TS tandem repeat polymorphism and the development of ALL in Kashmiri population. However these findings need to be substantiated with larger sample size to clarify the real contribution of this gene in the susceptibility to ALL in different world populations

Oligo- and Polymetastatic Progression in Lung Metastasis(es) Patients Is Associated with Specific MicroRNAs

Rationale: Strategies to stage and treat cancer rely on a presumption of either localized or widespread metastatic disease. An intermediate state of metastasis termed oligometastasis(es) characterized by limited progression has been proposed. Oligometastases are amenable to treatment by surgical resection or radiotherapy.Methods: We analyzed microRNA expression patterns from lung metastasis samples of patients with ≤5 initial metastases resected with curative intent.Results: Patients were stratified into subgroups based on their rate of metastatic progression. We prioritized microRNAs between patients with the highest and lowest rates of recurrence. We designated these as high rate of progression (HRP) and low rate of progression (LRP); the latter group included patients with no recurrences. The prioritized microRNAs distinguished HRP from LRP and were associated with rate of metastatic progression and survival in an independent validation dataset.Conclusion: Oligo- and poly- metastasis are distinct entities at the clinical and molecular level.</p

Physics Potential of the ICAL detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO)

The upcoming 50 kt magnetized iron calorimeter (ICAL) detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is designed to study the atmospheric neutrinos and antineutrinos separately over a wide range of energies and path lengths. The primary focus of this experiment is to explore the Earth matter effects by observing the energy and zenith angle dependence of the atmospheric neutrinos in the multi-GeV range. This study will be crucial to address some of the outstanding issues in neutrino oscillation physics, including the fundamental issue of neutrino mass hierarchy. In this document, we present the physics potential of the detector as obtained from realistic detector simulations. We describe the simulation framework, the neutrino interactions in the detector, and the expected response of the detector to particles traversing it. The ICAL detector can determine the energy and direction of the muons to a high precision, and in addition, its sensitivity to multi-GeV hadrons increases its physics reach substantially. Its charge identification capability, and hence its ability to distinguish neutrinos from antineutrinos, makes it an efficient detector for determining the neutrino mass hierarchy. In this report, we outline the analyses carried out for the determination of neutrino mass hierarchy and precision measurements of atmospheric neutrino mixing parameters at ICAL, and give the expected physics reach of the detector with 10 years of runtime. We also explore the potential of ICAL for probing new physics scenarios like CPT violation and the presence of magnetic monopoles.Comment: 139 pages, Physics White Paper of the ICAL (INO) Collaboration, Contents identical with the version published in Pramana - J. Physic

Different rates of spontaneous mutation of chloroplastic and nuclear viroids as determined by high-fidelity ultra-deep sequencing

[EN] Mutation rates vary by orders of magnitude across biological systems, being higher for simpler genomes. The simplest known genomes correspond to viroids, subviral plant replicons constituted by circular non-coding RNAs of few hundred bases. Previous work has revealed an extremely high mutation rate for chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid, a chloroplastreplicating viroid. However, whether this is a general feature of viroids remains unclear. Here, we have used high-fidelity ultra-deep sequencing to determine the mutation rate in a common host (eggplant) of two viroids, each representative of one family: the chloroplastic eggplant latent viroid (ELVd, Avsunviroidae) and the nuclear potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd, Pospiviroidae). This revealed higher mutation frequencies in ELVd than in PSTVd, as well as marked differences in the types of mutations produced. Rates of spontaneous mutation, quantified in vivo using the lethal mutation method, ranged from 1/1000 to 1/800 for ELVd and from 1/7000 to 1/3800 for PSTVd depending on sequencing run. These results suggest that extremely high mutability is a common feature of chloroplastic viroids, whereas the mutation rates of PSTVd and potentially other nuclear viroids appear significantly lower and closer to those of some RNA viruses.This work was supported by the European Research Council (erc.europa.eu; ERC-2011-StG-281191-VIRMUT to RS), the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (www.mineco.gob.es; BFU2013-41329 grant to RS, BFU2014-56812-P grant to RF, and a predoctoral fellowship to ALC), and the Spanish Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (www.castillalamancha.es;postdoctoral fellowship to CB). 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