9,774 research outputs found
Electron acceleration by cascading reconnection in the solar corona I Magnetic gradient and curvature effects
Aims: We investigate the electron acceleration in convective electric fields
of cascading magnetic reconnection in a flaring solar corona and show the
resulting hard X-ray (HXR) radiation spectra caused by Bremsstrahlung for the
coronal source. Methods: We perform test particle calculation of electron
motions in the framework of a guiding center approximation. The electromagnetic
fields and their derivatives along electron trajectories are obtained by
linearly interpolating the results of high-resolution adaptive mesh refinement
(AMR) MHD simulations of cascading magnetic reconnection. Hard X-ray (HXR)
spectra are calculated using an optically thin Bremsstrahlung model. Results:
Magnetic gradients and curvatures in cascading reconnection current sheet
accelerate electrons: trapped in magnetic islands, precipitating to the
chromosphere and ejected into the interplanetary space. The final location of
an electron is determined by its initial position, pitch angle and velocity.
These initial conditions also influence electron acceleration efficiency. Most
of electrons have enhanced perpendicular energy. Trapped electrons are
considered to cause the observed bright spots along coronal mass ejection
CME-trailing current sheets as well as the flare loop-top HXR emissions.Comment: submitted to A&
Positive exchange bias in ferromagnetic La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 / SrRuO3 bilayers
Epitaxial La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO)/ SrRuO3 (SRO) ferromagnetic bilayers have
been grown on (001) SrTiO3 (STO) substrates by pulsed laser deposition with
atomic layer control. We observe a shift in the magnetic hysteresis loop of the
LSMO layer in the same direction as the applied biasing field (positive
exchange bias). The effect is not present above the Curie temperature of the
SRO layer (), and its magnitude increases rapidly as the temperature is lowered
below . The direction of the shift is consistent with an antiferromagnetic
exchange coupling between the ferromagnetic LSMO layer and the ferromagnetic
SRO layer. We propose that atomic layer charge transfer modifies the electronic
state at the interface, resulting in the observed antiferromagnetic interfacial
exchange coupling.Comment: accepted to Applied Physics Letter
Simulation for Scanning Electron Microscopy
Simulations of images of surface steps obtained by high energy reflection electron microscopy are presented. It is shown that double images of simple steps, with no associated strain field, may occur when surface resonance conditions are established. Accurate calculation of image intensity requires large calculations and care is needed in relating the computed wave functions to those occurring for a semi-infinite incident wave. Estimates of the time to compute accurate wavefunctions are given and it is shown that they are reasonable for modem fast computers
Lattice Boltzmann study on Kelvin-Helmholtz instability: the roles of velocity and density gradients
A two-dimensional lattice Boltzmann model with 19 discrete velocities for
compressible Euler equations is proposed (D2V19-LBM). The fifth-order Weighted
Essentially Non-Oscillatory (5th-WENO) finite difference scheme is employed to
calculate the convection term of the lattice Boltzmann equation. The validity
of the model is verified by comparing simulation results of the Sod shock tube
with its corresponding analytical solutions. The velocity and density gradient
effects on the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) are investigated using the
proposed model. Sharp density contours are obtained in our simulations. It is
found that, the linear growth rate for the KHI decreases with
increasing the width of velocity transition layer but increases with
increasing the width of density transition layer . After the
initial transient period and before the vortex has been well formed, the linear
growth rates, and , vary with and
approximately in the following way, and
, where , ,
and are fitting parameters and is the effective
interaction width of density transition layer. When
the linear growth rate does not vary significantly any more.
One can use the hybrid effects of velocity and density transition layers to
stabilize the KHI. Our numerical simulation results are in general agreement
with the analytical results [L. F. Wang, \emph{et al.}, Phys. Plasma
\textbf{17}, 042103 (2010)].Comment: Accepted for publication in PR
Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine attenuates the reduction of brg1 protein expression in the myocardium of type 1 diabetic rats
published_or_final_versio
Spin-manipulated nanoscopy for single nitrogen-vacancy center localizations in nanodiamonds
Due to their exceptional optical and magnetic properties, negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV -) centers in nanodiamonds (NDs) have been identified as an indispensable tool for imaging, sensing and quantum bit manipulation. The investigation of the emission behaviors of single NV - centers at the nanoscale is of paramount importance and underpins their use in applications ranging from quantum computation to super-resolution imaging. Here, we report on a spin-manipulated nanoscopy method for nanoscale resolutions of the collectively blinking NV - centers confined within the diffraction-limited region. Using wide-field localization microscopy combined with nanoscale spin manipulation and the assistance of a microwave source tuned to the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) frequency, we discovered that two collectively blinking NV - centers can be resolved. Furthermore, when the collective emitters possess the same ground state spin transition frequency, the proposed method allows the resolving of each single NV - center via an external magnetic field used to split the resonant dips. In spin manipulation, the three-level blinking dynamics provide the means to resolve two NV - centers separated by distances of 23 nm. The method presented here offers a new platform for studying and imaging spin-related quantum interactions at the nanoscale with super-resolution techniques
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