Nesting biology of the Black-bellied Wren (Thryothorus fasciatoventris) in central Panama

We describe the nest and nest site, and provide the first description of the eggs and nesting behavior of the Black-bellied Wren (Thryothorus fasciatoventris) in central Panama. Nine nests were found near tree-fall gaps, swamps, and roads in moist tropical forests. Nests were dome-shaped with a circular side entrance. They were composed chiefly of strips of dead palm fronds, and were generally built in places where leaf litter and other debris had accumulated at the convergence of several vines near the forest floor. Both males and females participated in building the nest. Clutch size was three, and eggs were laid on consecutive days. Egg color varied from creamy to beige with faint to dark brown speckles that were more concentrated at the blunt end. Females were the sole incubators, but males fed the incubating females. Only the female brooded the nestlings once they hatched, but both parents fed the nestlings

Androgen Receptor Signaling in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Alters Hyperpolarized Pyruvate to Lactate Conversion and Lactate Levels In Vivo

Purpose: Androgen receptor (AR) signaling affects prostate cancer (PCa) growth, metabolism, and progression. Often, PCa progresses from androgen-sensitive to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) following androgen-deprivation therapy. Clinicopathologic and genomic characterizations of CRPC tumors lead to subdividing CRPC into two subtypes: (1) AR-dependent CRPC containing dysregulation of AR signaling alterations in AR such as amplification, point mutations, and/or generation of splice variants in the AR gene; and (2) an aggressive variant PCa (AVPC) subtype that is phenotypically similar to small cell prostate cancer and is defined by chemotherapy sensitivity, gain of neuroendocrine or pro-neural marker expression, loss of AR expression, and combined alterations of PTEN, TP53, and RB1 tumor suppressors. Previously, we reported patient-derived xenograft (PDX) animal models that contain characteristics of these CRPC subtypes. In this study, we have employed the PDX models to test metabolic alterations in the CRPC subtypes. Procedures: Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis along with in vivo hyperpolarized 1-[ 13 C]pyruvate spectroscopy experiments were performed on prostate PDX animal models. Results: Using hyperpolarized 1-[ 13 C]pyruvate conversion to 1-[ 13 C]lactate in vivo as well as lactate measurements ex vivo, we have found increased lactate production in AR-dependent CRPC PDX models even under low-hormone levels (castrated mouse) compared to AR-negative AVPC PDX models. Conclusions: Our analysis underscores the potential of hyperpolarized metabolic imaging in determining the underlying biology and in vivo phenotyping of CRPC. © 2018, World Molecular Imaging Society