University Education Students’ Self-Perceptions of Writing

University students in preservice education programs write primarily for their professors, whom they see as content experts and evaluators. Consequently, they find writing a difficult and often unrewarding task. This study examines the perceptions of 48 elementary education preservice teachers of their own writing vis-à-vis the written demands of their courses. Students admitted, often tacitly, that their writing difficulties resulted from reliance on the ideas and language of others, an inability or unwillingness to conceptualize an audience, uncertainty about the rhetorical features of expository and argumentative modes, and lack of understanding of a process approach to writing. The study has implications as much for teacher educators as for students in preservice education programs. Les étudiants inscrits dans les programmes de formation des maîtres écrivent essentiellement pour leurs professeurs qu’ils voient comme des experts et des évaluateurs de contenu. Ils considèrent donc la rédaction comme une tâche diffi- cile et peu gratifiante. L’étude dont il est fait état dans cet article analyse les perceptions qu’ont 49 stagiaires au primaire de leur écriture par rapport aux exigences de leurs cours. Les étudiants admettent, souvent tacitement, que leurs difficultés en composition sont causés par divers facteurs : ils se fient sur les idées et le langage des autres, ils sont incapables ou ne veulent pas imaginer leur auditoire, ils connaissent mal les caractéristiques rhétoriques des modes d’expo- sition et d’argumentation et ils ne comprennent les méthodes de rédaction. L’étude peut servir autant aux formateurs qu’aux stagiaires.

International Management of Whales and Whaling: An Historical Review of the Regulation of Commercial and Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling

The exploitation of whales has spread over the centuries from coastal to international waters, and from pole to pole. Despite the successive depletion of one species and stock after another, not until the 20th century were attempts instituted to regulate the industry and the catches at an international level. Agreements among the whaling companies competing in the Antarctic in the 1930s were closely followed by intergovernmental agreements, culminating in the 1946 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, which established the International Whaling Commission. In 1975 the commission adopted its "new management procedure" for commercial whaling, based on the concept of maximum sustainable yield. A separate but related management procedure for subsistence whaling operations was subsequently developed, largely because of the problems of the Alaskan bowhead hunt. This gave greater weight to the perceived dependence of the native communities on the hunt than to the status of the whale stock. The tensions between the objectives of the conservation of the whale resources and the orderly development of the whaling industry continue today. Commercial whaling is for the moment prohibited while a comprehensive assessment of stock status and trends is undertaken, together with the development of a revised management procedure. The impact of recent legislative thinking in the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, coastal state sovereignty, and the developing trend towards the precautionary principle of management has caused profound changes in the interpretation and application of the 1946 convention and the consequent management policies by which it is implemented.Key words: aboriginal, bowhead, conservation, exploitation, International Whaling Commission, management, regulation, subsistence, whalingL'exploitation des baleines s'est étendue, au cours des siècles, depuis les eaux côtières jusqu'aux eaux internationales, et d'un pôle à l'autre. Malgré l'épuisement successif des espèces et des stocks, il fallut attendre le XXe siècle pour que des essais soient entrepris afin de réglementer l'industrie et les prises au niveau international. Les accords conclus dans les années 30 entre les sociétés baleinières qui étaient en concurrence dans l'Antarctique ont été suivis de près par des accords intergouvernementaux, pour aboutir en 1946 à la Convention internationale pour la réglementation de la chasse à la baleine, qui établit la Commission baleinière internationale (CBI). En 1975, la Commission adopta sa «nouvelle procédure de gestion» pour la chasse commerciale à la baleine, fondée sur le concept du rendement équilibré maximal. Une procédure de gestion connexe mais distincte, concernant la chasse de subsistance a été mise au point par la suite, en raison surtout des problèmes de la chasse à la baleine boréale en Alaska. Cette dernière procédure accordait plus de poids à l'importance de la chasse pour les communautés indigènes qu'au statut du stock baleinier. Les tensions entre les objectifs de conservation des ressources baleinières et le développement ordonné de l'industrie baleinière persistent encore de nos jours. La chasse commerciale est, pour l'instant, interdite pendant qu'on entreprend une évaluation en profondeur de l'état et des tendances du stock, et qu'on révise la procédure de gestion. Les retombées des discussions récentes sur la législation lors de la Conférence des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer, la souveraineté des États côtiers, et la tendance croissante vers le principe de gestion préventive, ont causé de profonds changements dans l'interprétation et dans l'application de la Convention de 1946, ainsi que dans les politiques de gestion résultantes grâce auxquelles elle est mise en application.Mots clés: aborigène, baleine boréale, conservation, exploitation, Commission baleinière internationale, gestion, réglementation, subsistance,chasse à la balein

Cemetery spaces of Shxwõwhámel Stó:lõ and the Île-à-la-Crosse Métis

The cemeteries of the Stó:lõ of Shxwõwhámél and the Métis of Île-à-la-Crosse manifest aspects of kinship, local memorialisations, and identity. When analysed in reference to oral histories and spatial analysis, these cemeteries tell a story of space and Aboriginal values. Often in conflict with Oblate doctrine, these spaces nonetheless, also represent syncretism and Aboriginal agency. The Île-à-la-Crosse cemetery spatially pronounces stories of kinship, or wahkootowin, as discussed by Brenda Macdougall, as well as local memorialisations highlighting the local Ste. Mary adoration of the area. In Shxwõwhámél, kinship and status are represented in the cemeteries, as well as stories of burnings and hanging trees, underlining these values in the Stó:lõ community. Together these cemeteries tell similar stories of Oblate control, exclusion, and syncretism as well as Aboriginal identity and agency in their respective spaces of the dead

Investigation of Narrowband Acousto-Optic Tunable Filters for Semiconductor Laser Tuning

Wavelength tunable sources find applications in areas of laser surgery, optical coherence tomography, material processing, and differential absorption light detection and ranging. Acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs) are wavelength selective devices which allow for better stability than mechanical tuning due to their lack of mechanical movement. Agile tunability is achieved by avoiding inertial effects. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the performance and limitations of AOTF wavelength controlled external semiconductor laser cavities. The three key components of a typical tunable source are outlined. Conventional tuning mechanisms are compared with AOTFs, and different gain media discussed, with semiconductors being identified as suitable for building AOTF tuned sources. Initially, two diffraction grating tuned sources were constructed. The first was a Thulium doped fibre laser which produced >1.3 W over 1920 – 2060 nm wavelength range which has since been delivered to OzGrav for characterising the absorption of low hydroxide OH bulk fused silica. The second source was constructed from a superluminescent diode with an Indium Phosphide (InP) active layer and produced >5 mW over 1650 – 1750 nm. This source was subsequently used for characterising a frequency shifting, quasi-collinear AOTF for its tuning relation, response to different driving conditions, and temporal response. Two tunable laser cavities were built using the quasi-collinear AOTF. The first was based on the InP superluminescent diode and demonstrated >10 mW over 1615 – 1775 nm. However, the laser displayed significant etalon effects in its spectral output. This motivated the construction of a ring-cavity based on an InP semiconductor optical amplifier. This laser produced >5 mW over 1600 – 1750 nm, with ~0.3 nm linewidths and no etalon effects observed in the output. Sweep rates of 10⁵ nm/s were demonstrated for both lasers without significant spectral broadening or power modulation. This is of similar magnitude to the fastest previously reported quasi-collinear AOTF tuned semiconductor lasers. Wavelength agility was demonstrated by switching between any two wavelengths in the gain band within the 29 μs interaction time of the AOTF. Finally, a frequency compensating AOTF device was utilised in the ring-cavity to investigate the effect of frequency shift on laser performance. Operating with no frequency shift allowed for a reduction in linewidth, but made the laser more sensitive to residual etalon effects which had not previously been observed with the frequency shifting AOTF ring-cavity. A +30 kHz frequency shift was significant enough to disturb these intracavity interference effects while being small enough to reduce the linewidth from the 0.3 nm observed with the frequency shifting AOTF to <0.1 nm. Future directions of research are discussed. These include operation at other wavelengths, and investigating dual wavelength operation.Thesis (MPhil) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 201

A sustainable approach to threatened digital cultural heritage

Endorsed by UNESCO as an effective and timely way to facilitate action against illicit trafficking of cultural property, widespread digitisation of inventories and artefacts mitigates loss of movable heritage and can facilitate expedited restitution of displaced items in the future. However, the frameworks for undertaking expedited, pre-emptive digitisation are outdated. This research therefore aims to develop a new methodology for “responsive digitisation”, via a systematic re-evaluation of digitisation strategies for at-risk materials. It will explore how such comprehensive digitisation practices can be situated for analytical evaluation, in line with the strategic values of collections use, access, and reuse in the heritage sector. This research explores the role of digitisation praxis for the preservation of contested cultural heritage under threat, where there is an immediate need for pre-emptive digitisation to mitigate the displacement of inventories and collections. It undertakes a gap analysis of relevant policy documents in the heritage sector, and thereby proposes a new framework and methodology for employing a strategy for digitisation of cultural heritage in under threat, prioritising methods that have the scope for long-term sustainability. It identifies four key challenges that a theory of responsive digitisation should address: 1. A lack of formal digital preservation planning in existing policy documents, 2. A lack of standardised procedures for digitisation, 3. A lack of emphasis on undertaking digitisation methods with digital sustainability integrated from the planning stage, and 4. Missing methods for disseminating digital information to parties situated in conflict. In doing so, it provides a framework for cultural heritage under threat, focusing on long-term digital sustainability, informed by wider disciplinary narratives concerning preservation, destruction, information control and the role of museums in the future. Further, it develops a theoretical framework for undertaking pre-emptive and rigorous digitisation of heritage with regards to conflict and preservation, which will emphasise long-term digital sustainability

The River Clyde as a Case Study into Building Community Resilience to Flooding

No abstract available

Global History Hackathon Playbook Version 1.1: Practical Guidance for Hosting a Hackathon for the Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences

What happens when you take a format more commonly associated with computer science and technology—the hackathon—and apply it to historical thinking and research design in global history using unique archival and museum collections? This playbook shares what we learned from our project, Global History Hackathons: Doing Global History through Local Archives and Museum Collections (January-June 2019). An inspiring crowd of students and staff took part in Global History Hackathons. You can read about some of their creative and intriguing ideas through Twitter (@HistGlobal #GlobalHistHack19) and our event blogs, which are listed in the Bibliography. We hope this playbook will encourage you to plan and carry out your own hackathons: not just for global history, but also across the arts, humanities, and social sciences

Operations improvements through non=value-added step reduction

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64).This thesis demonstrates how factories can use the Value Stream Mapping method to reduce both direct and indirect labor cost components through a non-value-added step reduction. The principal objective of this internship was to identify instances of non-value-added work in a product value stream and implement actions to reduce or eliminate it. Operations improvements included actions to eliminate waste through bottleneck utilization improvements, paperwork reduction, planning tool development and safety stock level calculation. From a leadership perspective, this thesis explores the challenges of cross-cultural and second-language change management.by Anthony C. Gambell.S.M.M.B.A

Negative selection of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells using a bifunctional rosette-based antibody cocktail

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>High purity of tumour samples is a necessity for accurate genetic and expression analysis and is usually achieved by positive selection in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We adapted a bifunctional rosette-based antibody cocktail for negative selection of B-cells for isolating CLL cells from peripheral blood (PB). PB samples from CLL patients were split into aliquots. One aliquot of each sample was enriched by density gradient centrifugation (DGC), while the other aliquot of each sample was incubated with an antibody cocktail for B-cell enrichment prior to DGC (RS+DGC). The purity of CLL cells after DGC averaged 74.1% (range: 15.9 – 97.4%). Using RS+DGC, the purity averaged 93.8% (range: 80.4 – 99.4%) with 23 of 29 (79%) samples showing CLL purities above 90%. RNA extracted from enriched CLL cells was of appropriately high quality for microarray analysis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study confirms the use of a bifunctional rosette-based antibody cocktail as an effective method for the purification of CLL cells from peripheral blood.</p