Adaptation Study of Improved Elephant Grasses (Pennisetum purpureum) and Oats (Avena sativa L) at Haro Sabu, Kelem Wollega zone, Ethiopia

Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum),  is a warm-season peren­nial grass, which is widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions of the world .Oats (Avena sativa L) is one of the most important cereal fodder crop grown under irrigated and rain fed conditions. A study was conducted to describe forage yield and adaptability of sixteen accessions of elephant grasses (Pennisetum purpureum) at Haro Sabu Agricultural Research centre and seven oats varieties were conducted at one sub site additionally. These two grasses types (oat and elephants) varieties (Jasary, CI-8251, CI-8235, CI-8237, Bonsa, Bonabas and lampton) andILRI 14984, ILRI 16840 ,ILRI 16784 ILRI 16788, ILRI 16789, ILRI 15743, ILRI 16801, ILRI 14389, ILRI 16898, ILRI 16785were planted by Randomized Complete Block Design  with three replication. Important biological and morphological traits data were exam­ined using statistical analysis. The dry matter yield, total fresh weight, percent of soil coverage was significantly differences (p<0.05) and Sample dry weight was not significantly different (p>0.05).The highest biomass and herbage dry matter yield was obtained from 16840 accession number. Hence it is concluded that from the accessions of elephant grasses adapted at Haro Sabu Agricultural research centre ILRI16840, ILRI16784, ILRI16801 and ILRI15743 accessions were took highest dry matter and biomass yields. Regarding to oat varieties it was observed that analyses of data from Hawa Galan sites revealed very highly significant varietal differences (P < 0.05) that were four weeks germination, eight weeks germination, and 50% flowering stage. Whereas there were significantdifferences at 5% probability level among oat varieties for four weeks soil cover and total fresh weight under Hawa Galan site (table.1). With regard to eight weeks soil cover, there was no difference (p>0.05) in percent between oat variety treatment. It is concluded that Bonabas, Bonsa, Ci-8237 and Jasary showed better performance and adapted varieties as well as beside to dry matter and biomass yields. Keywords: -Adaptation, Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) accession, herbage yield, Oat grasses (Avena sativa

The Shattered Dreams: The Experience of Family Members Caring for a Relative Diagnosed with Schizophrenia: The Case of Amanuel Hospital, Ethiopia

This study examined the experiences of family members caring for a relative diagnosed with schizophrenia in Ethiopia Previous studies indicated that family members providing care for their loved one with schizophrenia experienced many challenges in the course of care-giving Though family members experience both enrichments and challenges in caring for their loved one with mental illness little attention is paid to the comprehensive experiences of family members This study addressed the aforementioned issue and contributed to limited studies on psychiatric conditions in Ethiopia where there are limited services community service organizations or legal frame-works on mental illness The study used a qualitative case study approach In-depth interviews were conducted with eight purposely selected participants Content analysis was used to analyze the data and identify themes The study indicated a variety of impacts of caregiving such as psycho-social and economic as well as enrichments such as progress on the illness teaching their experiences deriving hope from the situation and satisfaction from sharing experiences with others Understanding caregivers experiences may be useful in prompting governments and service providers to invest in education and support programs aimed at helping caregivers to cope with this stress and deal with the problem behaviours associated with the illnes

Assessment of Status of Irrigation Practice and Utilization in Western Hararghe Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

The study was conducted in three selected districts of Western Hararghe zone namely, Mieso, Tullo and Gemechis district with objectives to know the current irrigation practice and utilization of farmers in the area and to identify gaps and constraints of different irrigation practice. Sampling technique was purposive for identifying districts that have high irrigation potential from the zones. From each district, three peasant associations (PAs) were purposively selected each from three traditional agro ecological classifications highland, midland and lowland. A total of 180 households were interviewed and generated both qualitative and quantitative data on constraints, status and practices of irrigation water management. Secondary data were also collected from Zonal Irrigation Development Authority. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency distribution and percentage, were used to analyze data after carefully coded and entered into SPSS V.20 statistical tools. According to the survey result, the mean land holding per household is about 0.78ha while the mean land allocated for irrigation per household is about 0.68ha. Three different types of irrigation were identified; among them Surface irrigation, Pressurized irrigation and water harvesting. While some farmers used combination of surface and pressurized irrigation. Surface irrigation type using furrow method of irrigation is the most common irrigation type in the study area which accounts about 66.5%. The major source of water is from river which accounts about 50%. The major crops cultivated using irrigation in the area were high value crops, about 43.2% cultivated both hot pepper and tomato followed by combination onion, cabbage, red root & tomato by 19.9% and 13% cultivate both onion and tomato as well the left others cultivate different horticultural crops. The study indicated that, water shortage for irrigation, lack improved seed (vegetable crop) varieties recommended for the area, lack of improved technology, diseases outbreak, pest, drought and low price were among major constraints of irrigation practices on the study area. And also there are no transport services because of no road access. In the study area water shortage and lack of improved technology and inputs were the main problem, therefore practicing water harvesting and supplying improved technologies such as seed, controlling diseases, infra structure (road) and providing extension service regularly for farmers should be practiced in future. Keywords: status of irrigation, Gaps and constraints, Irrigation practice and utilizatio

The Impact of Correction Center Formal Education Program on Offenders’ Psychosocial Development the Case of Delo Mena, Goba and Sheshamene Correction Centers Primary Schools Bale-West Arsi Oromia South East Ethiopia

The main objective of this study was to identify the impact of formal Correction education program on offenders’ psychosocial development. For an in-depth investigation of Correction Center education, case study design was employed. The sampling technique used to select research participants was mainly purposive for the reason that it enables us to get individuals directly engaged in the practices of correction Centers primary schools. Thus, prisoners who are attending formal school, the respective head of selected Correction Centers, counselors, education coordinators, school principals, their teachers and education office heads were selected. Semi-structured interview guides were held with different participants to explore in-depth, rich, and seek to understand results of data that are unexpected. Besides, the researchers were selected three focus group meaning independently one group of experienced teachers and students at the respective Correction schools where one of the section criteria is homogeneity of people among many other inclusion rules. Data was transcribed and translated into English language for analysis. Correspondingly, findings relevant to the objective of the study was selected, Coded, organized, analyzed, presented, and discussed thematically in line with the objectives set. The study suggested that if facilities and an opportunity will be given for all who need it there is no doubt that correction center education would have positive impact on learners’ psychosocial makeup.  For instance, the school principal at Goba Correction was explained it as for the one who attend it seriously he/she can be effective. There are people who got a chance of education at their adulthood. Key informants assumed that these people do not have such opportunity if they were at home because the masses are youth and adult whose appropriate education modality via non-formal. So in this regard, Correction Center education is reducing illiteracy since the mainstream educational level is illiterate. More importantly, teachers at Goba Correction School were replied, as there were individuals who have continued learning until university and graduated from it and became employed in different organizations. It was found that those detainees on education program have been the first beneficiaries of parole and excuse given by government every New Year Keywords: Bale-West Arsi, Impact, Correction Education, General Education, Rehabilitation DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/10-6-01 Publication date:June 30th 202

Assessing the Effect of Soil and Water Conservation Practices on Runoff and Sediment Yield on Hunde Lafto watershed of Upper Wabi Shebelle Basin

A study was carried out at Hunde Lafto watershed to assess effect of Soil and Water Conservation practices on runoff and sediment yield. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to assess the effectiveness of different Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) practices implemented in the watershed based on different scenarios (base line, stone bunds and crop residue management scenarios). The simulated sediment yield shows that soil loss rate range from 0-76.9 t/ha/yr with annual weighted average rate of 45.4 t/ha/yr. Parallel terrace (stone bunds) scenario reduced the total sediment yield from 10,978.7 t/yr to 3,734.26 t/yr relative to base simulation, which is equivalent to 65.9% decrease and reduces the surface runoff by 27% from 410.4 mm to 299.5 mm, increase base flow by 23% and lateral flow by 22.6% at outlet of watershed. While simulation of crop residue management scenario reduced total sediment yield to 4,299.84 t/yr from base simulation, which is equivalent to 60.8% reduction and the surface runoff by 23.5% from 410.4 mm to 313.6 mm, increase base flow by 18.6% and lateral flow by 19.9% at outlet. the benefits of crop residue management practices were more important in the watershed and recommended for farmers. Keywords: Soil and water conservation, Calibration and validation, simulation, Hunde Lafto catchment, Baseline scenario, runoff, sediment yield, watershed managemen

Assessment of Supply Chain Integration in Ethiopian Textile Industries

The study develops and implements an integrated supply chain performance measurement framework that provides a more thorough approach to investigating supply chain performance measurement by merging supply network macro operations and decision-making levels. The conceptual model framework is built on performance and supply chain related theories. The study investigates the performance of supply chain integration along with the performance indicators in the textile industries in Ethiopia. The quantitative research was used to measure financial measurement indicators, Quality, time measurement indicators, productivity indicator measurement, internal supply chain integration, external or customer integration and information communication technology indicators. The data was treated using SPSS version 20. The data was collected from textile industry professionals through self-reported method and the common method bias analysis was done. The survey was administered/mailed to eighteen hundred (800) textile industry professionals and only (385) three hundred and eighty-five were able to complete the study questionnaire. Eight standardized, valid, and reliable questionnaires were adopted to collect primary data from the employees of top textile manufacturing Organizations’ located in Addis Ababa - Ethiopia. It was found that supply chain integration performance is influenced by the indicators such as financial measures, time, quality, productivity, internal supply chain, and external supply chain and information communication technology. Multiple regression analysis for the hypotheses indicated that: Performance sub-dimensions i.e., financial measures, time, quality, productivity, internal supply chain, and external supply chain and information communication technology significantly predicted supply chain integration performance in Textile industry

National Examination Misconduct: Magnitude and Perceived Determinants in Secondary and Preparatory Schools of Bale and West Arsi Zones

The main objective of this research was to assess experiences of teachers on national examination cheating encounter and its perceived predictors. We employed Institution based cross-sectional design which was supplemented by qualitative data to address the research objectives.  Data was collected from 488 teachers via pretested questionnaire besides, interview and focus group discussion guides which were held with key informants. Before starting data collection process ethical approval letter was obtained from research ethical approval committee. Likewise, verbal consent was obtained from study participants and their confidentiality was kept as the received data used only for research purpose. To address the first objective pie chart was used while multivariate binary logistic regression was computed for the second objective this was via using SPSS version 21. For qualitative data, thematic analysis was done and finally the two data were merged together. The results reveled that about 346 (70.9%) of the study participants were reported as they came across national examination cheating during 2014 and 2015 academic years. Perception of teachers with regard to absence of conducive examination room (AOR= .119, 95%CI= (.039, .37)), presence of social linkage (AOR= .27, 95%CI (.12, .615)), poor examination supervision (P-value= 0.05)), parental pressure (AOR= 3.49, 95%CI (.1.16, 10.54) were predispose for national examination cheating. Furthermore, the qualitative result suggested many more determinants in addition to the above findings. Finally, the findings suggested that Provision of optimum finance for examination bodies and availing sufficient logistics like transportation facility is very critical and strong supervision system should be established by zonal and district educational offices. Keywords: Ethiopia, national examination cheating, magnitude, determinants     DOI: 10.7176/JEP/10-31-02 Publication date: November 30th 201

The Role of Indigenous Social Institutions on Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Household

In both pastoral and agro-pastoral communities there is almost always strong inter-dependence and co-operation among households based on indigenous social institutions. However, those lucrative indigenous institutions are not known to the outsiders and this study filled this knowledge gap in literatures. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select study participants. Data were gathered from households using FGD, interview, key informant interview and case study to attain the objectives of the study. The study revealed that, mutual support is important in terms of each househol

Association of alcohol consumption with abortion among ever-married reproductive age women in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis

BackgroundA miscarriage or a spontaneous loss of a pregnancy that occurs before the 20th week is an abortion. Even though numerous recommendations state that pregnant women should abstain from alcohol at all stages of pregnancy, alcohol intake among pregnant women is common. However, there are few papers addressing the effect of alcohol use on miscarriage using nationally representative data. Moreover, the association of alcohol use with abortion and its mechanisms is not well studied in the Ethiopian region. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to estimate the association of alcohol use with abortion rates among reproductive age (15–49) women in Ethiopia.MethodsUsing the most recent findings of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS), secondary data analysis was performed among pregnant women in Ethiopia. A total of 11,396 women between the ages of 15 and 49 years who were of reproductive age were included in the research. To characterize the study population, descriptive statistics were used. The variability was considered using the multilevel binary logistic regression model. A multilevel binary logistic model was used to determine the effect of alcohol intake on abortion while controlling for potential confounders. In the multivariable analysis, variables with a P-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant for the response variable.ResultsThe proportion of women who had an abortion was 10.46% with a 95% CI of 9.92–11.03. In the final model of the multilevel analysis, age group [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 6.13; 95% CI: 3.86–9.73], education level (AOR = 1.29; 95 and CI: 1.10–1.51), alcohol consumption (AOR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.18–1.61), age at first sex (AOR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.03–1.39), media exposure (AOR = 1.28, CI: 1.10–1.48), contraceptive use (AOR = 1.34, CI: 1.16–1.56), and occupation of respondent (AOR = 1.21, CI: 1.06–1.38) were identified to be significant determinants of abortion in Ethiopia.ConclusionSexual and reproductive health education and family planning programs should target older women in the reproductive age group, women with primary educational status, working women, and those who initiated sexual intercourse at a younger age considering it could reduce abortion and unintended pregnancy. Furthermore, as part of sexual and reproductive health education, the adverse effect of alcohol consumption on abortion should be emphasized

The effect of health insurance coverage on antenatal care utilizations in Ethiopia: evidence from national survey

BackgroundAbout three-fourths of maternal near-miss events and two-fifths of the risk of neonatal mortality can be reduced by having at least one antenatal visit. Several studies have identified potential factors related to maternal health seeking behavior. However, the association between health insurance membership and antenatal care utilization was not well investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the effect of health insurance coverage on antenatal care use in Ethiopia.MethodsThe study utilized data from the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS). The analysis included a weighted sample of 3,919 women who gave birth in the last five years. A logistic regression model was employed to assess the association between antenatal care use and health insurance coverage and other covariates. The results were presented as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical significance was declared at a p-value <0.05 in all analyses.ResultsAntenatal care was used by 43% (95% CI: 41.46 to 44.56%) of Ethiopian women. Those with health insurance coverage had higher odds of antenatal care use than those without health insurance coverage. Women were 33% more likely to use antenatal care (ANC) if they were covered by health insurance. Age, Media access, marital status, education status, wealth index, and economic regions were also factors associated with antenatal care utilizations.ConclusionsAccording to our findings, less than half of Ethiopian women had four or more antenatal care visits. Health insurance membership, respondent age, media access, marital status, education status, wealth index, and economic region were factors associated with antenatal care utilization. Improving health insurance, women's economic empowerment, and education coverage are critical determinants of antenatal care utilization