Iniciadores Oligonucleotideos De Dna, MÉtodo De IdentificaÇÃo De Marcadores Moleculares De Linhagens De Saccharomyces Cerevisae E Kit De AmplificaÇÃo E IdentificaÇÃo De RegiÕes PolimÓrficas Em Genes

INICIADORES OLIGONUCLEOTIDEOS DE DNA, MÉTODO DE IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE MARCADORES MOLECULARES DE LINHAGENS DE SACCHAROMYCES CERE VISAE E KIT DE AMPLIFICAÇÃO E IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE REGIÕES POLIMÓRFICAS EM GENES. A presente invenção refere-se aos iniciadores ai igo nucleotideos de DNA sense e antisense, método de identificação e diferenciação e kit para amplificação e identificação de regiões polimórficas inseridas em genes de Saccharomyces cerevisae e suas regiões flanqueadoras visando o acompanhamento da comunidade de leveduras ao longo de processos fermentativos.BRPI1015987 (A2)C07H21/04C12Q1/68C12R1/865BR2010PI15987C07H21/04C12Q1/68C12R1/86

Genome structure of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain widely used in bioethanol production

Bioethanol is a biofuel produced mainly from the fermentation of carbohydrates derived from agricultural feedstocks by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One of the most widely adopted strains is PE-2, a heterothallic diploid naturally adapted to the sugar cane fermentation process used in Brazil. Here we report the molecular genetic analysis of a PE-2 derived diploid (JAY270), and the complete genome sequence of a haploid derivative (JAY291). The JAY270 genome is highly heterozygous (∼2 SNPs/kb) and has several structural polymorphisms between homologous chromosomes. These chromosomal rearrangements are confined to the peripheral regions of the chromosomes, with breakpoints within repetitive DNA sequences. Despite its complex karyotype, this diploid, when sporulated, had a high frequency of viable spores. Hybrid diploids formed by outcrossing with the laboratory strain S288c also displayed good spore viability. Thus, the rearrangements that exist near the ends of chromosomes do not impair meiosis, as they do not span regions that contain essential genes. This observation is consistent with a model in which the peripheral regions of chromosomes represent plastic domains of the genome that are free to recombine ectopically and experiment with alternative structures. We also explored features of the JAY270 and JAY291 genomes that help explain their high adaptation to industrial environments, exhibiting desirable phenotypes such as high ethanol and cell mass production and high temperature and oxidative stress tolerance. The genomic manipulation of such strains could enable the creation of a new generation of industrial organisms, ideally suited for use as delivery vehicles for future bioenergy technologies

Description of novel microsatellite loci in the Neotropical fish Prochilodus argenteus and cross-amplification in P. costatus and P. lineatus

Prochilodus is one of the most important fish resources of South America, in addition to the important role it plays in nutrient cycling of Neotropical rivers. In the present study, we describe the isolation and characterization of nine novel microsatellite loci in Prochilodus argenteus. The number of alleles per polymorphic locus varied from 5 (Par76) to 21 (Par85), revealing a total of 116 alleles. The values of observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.629 (Par69) to 0.926 (Par85 and Par86) and from 0.643 (Par66) to 0.931 (Par80), respectively. Furthermore, the ability of these and other previously described microsatellite markers to amplify orthologous loci was tested in two related species, Prochilodus costatus and Prochilodus lineatus. These loci will be useful for studies of population genetic structure in this group of fishes, and in aiding future genetic mapping studies of P. argenteus