Detección de variabilidad macroscópica de Fusarium proliferatum mediante análisis de imagen

Fusarium proliferatum es un hongo fitopatógeno relevante por su capacidad de producir micotoxinas y del que existe poca información acerca de su variabilidad intraespecífica. Las características macroscópicas de sus colonias pueden ser utilizadas para caracterizar dicha variabilidad de una forma rápida y rutinaria. En este trabajo, se propone una metodología para poner a punto una técnica que permita diferenciar aislados de F. proliferatum en base a sus características morfológicas y cromáticas mediante el uso de técnicas de análisis de imagen. Se ha realizado la siembra de 27 aislados de F. proliferatum sobre placas Petri con medio de cultivo, incubadas a 25ºC, donde se realizaban capturas de imagen periódicas. Las imágenes fueron analizadas con el programa MATLAB con el uso de rutinas típicas y propias. Los resultados muestran que el análisis de imagen es una técnica idónea para la obtención de las tasa de crecimiento miceliar y parámetros cromáticos de una forma automática y rutinaria, lo que permite caracterizar los distintos aislados de F. proliferatum en base a estos parámetros

In vitro and field efficacy of three fungicides against Fusarium bulb rot of garlic

Efficacy of three fungicides against Fusarium bulb rot of garlic. Control of the garlic disease

Enfermedades y fisiopatías que afectan a la calidad del ajo en postcosecha

Las enfermedades y fisiopatías que afectan al ajo pueden llegar a ocasionar importantes pérdidas en postcosecha, de vital importancia cuando el producto se destina a la exportación a mercados que cada día son más exigentes. En 2008, distintos agricultores de varios municipios de Castilla y León detectaron bulbos de ajo que presentaban síntomas de podredumbre húmeda durante el almacenamiento. Posteriormente, en el año 2009, esta misma podredumbre se observó también en las provincias de Albacete y Cuenca y en muestras procedentes de Córdoba. Hasta la fecha se ha identificado a Fusarium proliferatum como el agente causal de la podredumbre del diente

Comparative study of the pathogenicity of seabed isolates of Fusarium equiseti and the effect of the composition of the mineral salt medium and temperature on mycelia growth

The pathogenicity of seven strains of Fusarium equiseti isolated from seabed soil was evaluated on different host plants showing pre and post emergence damage. Radial growth of 27 strains was measured on culture media previously adjusted to different osmotic potentials with either KCl or NaCl (-1.50 to - 144.54 bars) at 15º, 25º and 35º C. Significant differences and interactive effects were observed in the response of mycelia to osmotic potential and temperature

Rhizoctonia solani as causative agent of damping off of Swiss chard in Europe

During September 2011, post-emergence damping off of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla L.) was observed in a greenhouse in Villa del Prado (Spain). About 20% of the seedlings showed damping off symptoms. Lesions were initially water soaked, dark brown necrosis of crown tissue, irregular in shape and sunken in appearance on large plants, causing the infected seedlings to collapse and eventually die. Rhizoctonia solani was isolated consistently from symptomatic plants. After morphological and molecular identification of the isolates, pathogenicity was tested by placing agar plugs of four isolates adjacent to the stem at the three or four true leaf stage. In inoculated plants, brown crown and stem necrosis occurred while control plants did not show disease symptoms. Pathogenicity using non-germinated seeds was also tested. All four isolates produced extensive damping off when inoculated on non-germinated seeds. To our knowledge, this is the first report of damping off of Swiss chard caused by R. solani in Europe

Detección de variablilidad macroscópica de Fusarium proliferatum mediante el análisis de imagen

Fusarium proliferatum es un hongo fitopatógeno relevante por su capacidad de producir micotoxinas y del que existe poca información acerca de su variablidad intraespecífica. Las características macoscópicas de sus colonias pueden ser utilizadas para caracterizar dicha variabilidad de una forma rápida y rutinaria. En este trabajo, se propone una metodología para poner a punto una técnica que permita diferenciar aislados de F. proliferatum en base a sus caracerísticas morfológicas y cormáticas mediante el uso de técnicas de análisis de imagen. Se ha realizado la siembra de 27 aislados de F. proliferatum sobre placas Petri con medicon medio de cultivo, incubadas a 25ºC, donde se realizaban capturas de imagen periódicas. Las imágenes fueron analizadas con el programa MATLAB con el uso de rutinas típicas y propias. Los resultados muestran que el análisis de imagen es una técnica idónea para la obtención de las tasa de crecimiento miceliar y parámetros cromáticos de una forma automática y rutinaria, lo que permite caracterizar los distintos aislados de F. proliferatum en base a estos parámetros

The effects of storage duration, temperature and cultivar on the severity of garlic clove rot caused by Fusarium proliferatum.

Diseases that affect garlic during storage can lead to severe economic losses for farmers worldwide. One causal agent of clove rot is Fusarium proliferatum. Here, the progress of clove rot caused by F. proliferatum and its dependence on different storage conditions and cultivar type were studied. The effect of temperature on mycelial growth, conidial viability, and fungal survival during garlic commercial storage was documented. Samples of 50 bulbs from a randomized field trial with three different clonal generations for purple garlic (F3, F4 and F5) and the F4 clonal generation for white garlic were labeled and stored for two months (short-term storage). In addition, another sample of the F5 clonal generation of purple garlic was stored for 6 months after harvest (long-term storage). The presence of the pathogen and the percentage of symptomatic cloves were evaluated. A notable difference in the rot severity index (RSI) of different garlic varieties was observed. In all studied cases, clove rot increased with storage time at 20 ◦ C, and the white garlic variety had a higher index of rot severity after two months of storage. Additionally, there were clear differences between the growth rates of F. proliferatum isolates. Studies conducted on the temperature responses of the pathogen propagules showed that expo- sure for at least 20 min at 50 ◦ C was highly effective in significantly reducing the viability of fungal conidia. Pathogenicity studies showed that the fungus is pathogenic in all commercial varieties. However, there were significant differences in varietal susceptibility between Chinese and white garlic type cultivars (81.84 ± 16.44% and 87.5 ± 23.19% symptomatic cloves, respectively) and purple cultivars (49.06 ± 13.42% symptomatic cloves

Schizosaccharomyces selective differential media

This study discusses the optimisation of a selectiv e and differential medium which would facilitate the isolation of Schizosaccharomyces (a genus with a low incidence compared to other microorganisms) to select individuals from this genus for industrial purposes, especially in light of the recent approval of the use of yeasts from this genus in the wine industry by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine, or to detect the presence of such yeasts, for those many authors who consider them food spoilers. To this end, we studied various selective differential agents based on the main thephysiological characteristics of this species, such as its high resistance to high concentrations of sugar, sulfur dioxide, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, acetic acid or malo ethanolic fermentation. This selective medium is based on the resistance of the genus to the antibiotic actidione and its high resistance to inhibitory agents such as benzoic acid compared to possible microorganisms which can give rise to false positive results. Malic acid was used as a differential fact or due to the ability of this genus to metabolise it to ethanol, which allows detecting of the degradation of this compound. Lastly, the medium was successfully used to isolate strains of Schizosaccharomyces pombe from honey

Fusarium proliferatum isolated from garlic in Spain: Identification, toxigenic potential and pathogenicity on related Allium species

Fusarium proliferatum has been reported on garlic in the Northwest USA, Spain and Serbia, causing water-soaked tan-colored lesions on cloves. In this work, Fusarium proliferatum was isolated from 300 symptomatic garlic bulbs. Morphological identification of Fusarium was confirmed using species-specific PCR assays and EF-1α sequencing. Confirmation of pathogenicity was conducted with eighteen isolates. Six randomly selected F. proliferatum isolates from garlic were tested for specific pathogenicity and screened for fusaric acid production. Additionally, pathogenicity of each F. proliferatum isolate was tested on healthy seedlings of onion (Allium cepa), leek (A. porrum), scallions (A. fistulosum), chives (A. schoenoprasum) and garlic (A. sativum). A disease severity index (DSI) was calculated as the mean severity on three plants of each species with four test replicates. Symptoms on onion and garlic plants were observed three weeks after inoculation. All isolates tested produced symptoms on all varieties inoculated. Inoculation of F. proliferatum isolates from diseased garlic onto other Allium species provided new information on host range and pathogenicity. The results demonstrated differences in susceptibility with respect to host species and cultivar. The F. proliferatum isolates tested all produced fusaric acid (FA); correlations between FA production and isolate pathogenicity are discussed. Additionally, all isolates showed the presence of the FUM1 gene suggesting the ability of Spanish isolates to produce fumonisins

First report of Fusarium verticillioides causing stalk and root rot of sorghum in Spain

Podredumbre del tallo y la raíz del sorgo causada por Fusarium verticillioides en Españ