349 research outputs found
Hidden Markov models for the activity profile of terrorist groups
The main focus of this work is on developing models for the activity profile
of a terrorist group, detecting sudden spurts and downfalls in this profile,
and, in general, tracking it over a period of time. Toward this goal, a
-state hidden Markov model (HMM) that captures the latent states underlying
the dynamics of the group and thus its activity profile is developed. The
simplest setting of corresponds to the case where the dynamics are
coarsely quantized as Active and Inactive, respectively. A state estimation
strategy that exploits the underlying HMM structure is then developed for spurt
detection and tracking. This strategy is shown to track even nonpersistent
changes that last only for a short duration at the cost of learning the
underlying model. Case studies with real terrorism data from open-source
databases are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed
methodology.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AOAS682 the Annals of
Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Emission spectrum of a dipole in a semi-infinite periodic dielectric structure: effect of the boundary
Journal ArticleThe emission spectrum of a dipole embedded in a semi-infinite photonic crystal is calculated. For simplicity we study the case in which the dielectric function is sinusoidally modulated only along the direction perpendicular to the boundary surface plane. In addition to oscillations of the emission rate with the distance of the dipole from the interface, we also observed that the shape of the emission spectrum srongly depends on the initial phase of the dielectric modulation. When the direction of light propagation inside the periodic structure is not normal to the boundary surface plane, we observed aditional singularities in the emission spectrum, which arise due to different angle dependence of the Bragg stop band for TE and TM polarizations
The use of long-acting insulin degludec in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in real clinical practice in Russia
BACKGROUND: Effective glycaemic control remains the most important task in managing the risks of Diabetes type 2 complications development. In this regard, the choice of insulin preparations with minimal variability of action is of utmost importance since this approach allows achieving the maximum treatment effectiveness and adequate safety level.AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate insulin degludec treatment effect on glycemic control in adult patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 in a real-world clinical setting in the Russian Federation.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The open prospective study was conducted in 2020β2021 in 35 clinical centers in 31 cities of the Russian Federation. The study included adult patients with type 2 DM treated according to Russian routine clinical practice. The prospective follow-up period was 26 weeks. The main study endpoints were changes in HbA1c level, fasting plasma glucose, insulin daily doses, number, and characteristics of different types of hypoglycaemia episodes and adverse events (AEs), and patient preferences compared to previous treatment.RESULTS: The study enrolled 494 patients. By the end of follow-up period:The mean HbA1c decrease was 1.6% (p<0.0001).Fasting plasma glucose level decreased by 3.4 mmol/L (p<0.0001).Daily basal and prandial insulin doses decreased by 1.6 IU/day (p<0.0001) and 2.1 IU/day (p<0.01), respectively.Severe episodes of hypoglycemia did not occur, while the incidence of nonsevere episodes decreased significantly.76 patients (15.4%) had 105 AEs, of which 41 (in 33 patients, 6.7%) were serious.COVID-19 was the most frequent AE reported in 21 patients (4.3%).Only in one case insulin degludec was withdrawn due to the patientβs pregnancy and the AEs that arose from it.Most patients (98.6%) preferred insulin degludec to previous treatment.CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in glycemic control, accompanied by basal insulin dose decrease combined with the absence of severe episodes of hypoglycemia, and significant decrease of nonsevere episodes (total and nocturnal). These results led to a large proportion of patients wanting to continue insulin degludec treatment preferring the medicine over previous treatment
ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ Π² Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Fiscal policy plays a crucial role in ensuring economic growth and development in the country and overcoming economic recessions. The subject of the research is the tax system in the Republic of Armenia. The study aims to identify and assess the impact of the fiscal policy on economic growth in the Republic of Armenia. Since the global financial crisis of 2008, the Armenian economy has been in stagnation, reaching pre-crisis GDP levels only in 2018. Both theory and practice point to the ambiguous nature of the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth. At the same time, the 2020 crisis caused by the pandemic exacerbated the situation by focusing the attention of economists on fiscal policy to stimulate the real sector of the economy, which justifies the relevance of the current study. The paperβs novelty lies in assessing the impact of certain types of taxes on the economic growth rates in Armenia. To achieve the goal of the study, the authors use such methods as a comparative analysis of foreign studies and systemic and statistical analysis. To econometrically assess the impact of taxes on economic growth in the country, a vector autoregression (VAR) model was applied. As a result of the study, the authors found that both tax regulation in general and the individual taxes are restrictive in nature and have a negative impact on economic growth in the country. The authors conclude that such a restrictive policy has led to a slowdown in economic growth in the Republic of Armenia over the past decadesΠ€ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² Β ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Β ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² Β ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Β Π² Β ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (Π Π). Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ Π² Π Π. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° 2008 Π³. ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π³Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΠΠ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² 2018 Π³. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ 2020 Π³., Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π² Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·. Π ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ (VAR). Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»Π° ΠΊ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π² Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Graphene-zinc oxide based nanomaterials for gas sensing devices
Herein, we report the preparation of a hybrid material by combination of
modified graphene and ZnO. The morphological and compositional analyses
of the obtained material have been performed by means of scanning
electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The functional
properties of the prepared structures have been investigated for their
application in gas sensor devices. The gas sensing performance of the
hybrid material show that the structure can be used for fabrication of
chemical sensors, as well as in electronic nose technology. (C) 2016 The
Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd
Physiological aspects of educational training adaptation of students
20 healthy male and female students of Artsakh State University aged 18-20 years have participated in an experiment to study the mechanisms of training adaptation. Surveys were conducted during the academic semester in 2 stages: the non-examination period (March-April) - Monday and Friday, before and after school and during the examination period (May-June) - before and after the exam. In order to study the impact of mental stress a survey was also conducted among students once they complete mental or intellectual Eysenck test. A psychological testing of students was carried out to identify the level of intelligence (IQ) by Eysenck, personal and situational anxiety by Spielberger and health, activity, mood by SAN (HAM) questionnaire. Basic hemodynamic parameters were measured: heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. ECG examination was conducted using R.M. Baevsky's cardio-ervalography method. Comparative analysis of the dynamics of the studied parameters showed that the process of adaptation of students to the teaching load is accompanied by periods of decline during non-examination period, more vividly expressed when doing mental or intellectual work, and tension of the studied parameters during the examination period
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