Mathematical morphology for grey-tone functions, structuring elements 2D and 3D, processor in video real-time

This work is dedicated to two new mathematical morphology algorithms. The first take over the "top hat transformation" but discriminate the grey topes . The second is general and develop the volumic structuring elements, the third dimension is the grey tone . A large part of this study is also reserved to develop a programmable mathematical morphology processor in video real time, it includes : 8 binary cells, 2 operators treating images with 64 grey tones and look-up tables for calculs .On présente 2 nouveaux algorithmes de morphologie mathématique. Le premier reprend la «transformation par chapeau haut de forme» en discriminant les niveaux de gris, le second concerne les éléments structurants volumiques, la troisième dimension est représentée par l'intensité lumineus

Smart sensing and multisensorial data fusion for road obstacle detection and tracking

In this article, we present a multisensorial solution for road obstacle detection and tracking . This solution is based on a mixe d camera/3D sensor mounted on the front of an experimental vehicle . The multisensor is described . The calibration step enables the matching of the heterogeneous data . Two capabalities of the senso r have been developped : the controlled perception making possible the acquisition of depth data in an area defined in the intensit y image; the visual servoing carrying out the focusing of the laser beam on a moving target detected in the intensity image . These two capabalities allow a Feedback control on the acquisition mode of the sensor according to the environment . ' The perception strategy is based on the selection of the best sensor for a given goal . The obstacle detection is based on th e segmentation and interpretation of depth data which are well suited in this context . However, the rate of acquisition of these dat a is too slow in order to extract the kinematic state of the obstacle . So, the tracking process is based on the collaboration betwee n intensity image processing which ensures the tracking itself and a 3D process which returns the obstacle model size to search in th e image. This algorithm of heterogeneous data fusion, associated with a Kalman filtering, permits to compute the state of obstacles . This work fits into the european project PROMETHEUS . Experimental results have been validated in real situation on the Prola b vehicle .Dans cet article, nous présentons une solution multisensorielle temps réel pour la détection et le suivi d'obstacles sur route. Cette solution est basée sur l'utilisation d'un capteur mixte caméra vidéo/capteur de profondeur placé à l'avant d'un véhicule expérimental. Le capteur multisensoriel est décrit. Le calibrage permet l'alignement des données hétérogènes. Deux facultés du capteur sont développées : la perception dirigée permet l'acquisition d'une image de profondeur dans une zone définie dans l'image de luminance ; l'asservissement visuel réalise la focalisation du faisceau laser sur un point de l'image de luminance. De façon générale, ces facultés permettent un contrôle par rétroaction sur le mode d'acquisition du capteur en fonction de la situation dans laquelle se trouve le système de perception. La stratégie de perception est basée sur la sélection du capteur adéquat pour un objectif donné. La détection d'obstacle repose sur la segmentation et l'interprétation des données de profondeur qui sont d'une grande pertinence dans ce contexte. En revanche, la cadence d'acquisition de ces données n'est pas suffisante si l'on souhaite dériver les caractéristiques cinématiques des obstacles. En conséquence, le suivi des obstacles combine un traitement de l'image de luminance rapide avec un traitement de l'information 3D. Le premier permet de réactualiser la position de l'obstacle afin d'asservir le faisceau laser sur celui-ci et le second assure la connaissance de la taille du modèle de l'obstacle à chercher dans l'image. Cet algorithme de fusion de données hétérogènes accompagné d'un filtrage de Kalman permet d'inférer les caractéristiques cinématiques des obstacles dont la connaissance est indispensable pour aborder ceux-ci dans de bonnes conditions. Ces recherches sont menées dans le cadre du projet européen PROMETHEUS et sont validées en situation réelle à bord du véhicule expérimental Prolab

Phase appearance or disappearance in two-phase flows

This paper is devoted to the treatment of specific numerical problems which appear when phase appearance or disappearance occurs in models of two-phase flows. Such models have crucial importance in many industrial areas such as nuclear power plant safety studies. In this paper, two outstanding problems are identified: first, the loss of hyperbolicity of the system when a phase appears or disappears and second, the lack of positivity of standard shock capturing schemes such as the Roe scheme. After an asymptotic study of the model, this paper proposes accurate and robust numerical methods adapted to the simulation of phase appearance or disappearance. Polynomial solvers are developed to avoid the use of eigenvectors which are needed in usual shock capturing schemes, and a method based on an adaptive numerical diffusion is designed to treat the positivity problems. An alternate method, based on the use of the hyperbolic tangent function instead of a polynomial, is also considered. Numerical results are presented which demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed solutions

Long-baseline neutrino oscillation physics potential of the DUNE experiment

The sensitivity of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) to neutrino oscillation is determined, based on a full simulation, reconstruction, and event selection of the far detector and a full simulation and parameterized analysis of the near detector. Detailed uncertainties due to the flux prediction, neutrino interaction model, and detector effects are included. DUNE will resolve the neutrino mass ordering to a precision of 5σ, for all ΑCP values, after 2 years of running with the nominal detector design and beam configuration. It has the potential to observe charge-parity violation in the neutrino sector to a precision of 3σ (5σ) after an exposure of 5 (10) years, for 50% of all ΑCP values. It will also make precise measurements of other parameters governing long-baseline neutrino oscillation, and after an exposure of 15 years will achieve a similar sensitivity to sin22θ13 to current reactor experiments