Final Focus System for a Muon Collider: A Test Model

The present scenario for a high luminosity 4 TeV on center of mass muon collider requires a beta function =3 mm at the interaction point. We discuss a test model of a basic layout which satisfies the requirements although it is not fully realistic.Comment: 9 pages, uses REVTEX macros. Submitted to the Proceedings of the Symposium on Physics Potential and Development of mu^+-mu^- Colliders, San Francisco, CA. Suppl. of the journal Nuclear Physics

Muon Dynamics in a Toroidal Sector Magnet

We present a Hamiltonian formulation of muon dynamics in toroidal sector solenoids (bent solenoids)Comment: format aipproc.cls; aipproc.sty; 7 pages, two figures (*.ps). Submitted to the Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Physics Potential and Development of mu-mu Colliders, San Francisco, Dec. 199

A Possible Hybrid Cooling Channel for a Neutrino Factory

A Neutrino Factory requires an intense and well-cooled (in transverse phase space) muon beam. We discuss a hybrid approach for a linear 4D cooling channel consisting of high-pressure gas-filled RF cavities- potentially allowing high gradients without breakdown- and discrete LiH absorbers to provide the necessary energy loss that results in the required muon beam cooling. We report simulations of the channel performance and its comparison with the vacuum case; we also briefly discuss technical and safety issues associated with cavities filled with high-pressure hydrogen gas. Even with additional windows that might be needed for safety reasons, the channel performance is comparable to that of the original, all-vacuum Feasibility Study 2a channel on which our design is based. If tests demonstrate that the gas-filled RF cavities can operate effectively with an intense beam of ionizing particles passing through them, our approach would be an attractive way of avoiding possible breakdown problems with a vacuum RF channel.Comment: 3 pages, 9 figures; submitted to IPAC10, The First International Particle Accelerator Conference, May 23-28, 201

Thoughts On Incorporating HPRF In A Linear Cooling Channel

We discuss a possible implementation of high-pressure gas-filled RF (HPRF) cavities in a linear cooling channel for muons and some of the technical issues that must be dealt with. The approach we describe is a hybrid approach that uses high-pressure hydrogen gas to avoid cavity breakdown, along with discrete LiH absorbers to provide the majority of the energy loss. Initial simulations show that the channel performs as well as the original vacuum RF channel while potentially avoiding the degradation in RF gradient associated with the strong magnetic field in the cooling channel.Comment: 5 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Proceedings of NUFACT0

An ionization cooling channel for muon beams based on alternating solenoids

The muon collider requires intense, cooled muon bunches to reach the required luminosity. Due to the limited life-time of the muon, the cooling process must take place very rapidly. Ionization cooling seems to be our only option, given the large emittances of the muon beam from pion decay. However, this ionization cooling method has been found quite difficult to implement in practice. We describe a scheme based on the use of liquid hydrogen absorbers fol-lowed by r.f. cavities (�pillbox� or �open iris� type), em-bedded in a transport lattice based on high field solenoids. These solenoidal fields are reversed periodically in order to suppress the growth of the canonical angular momentum. This channel has been simulated in detail with independent codes, featuring conventional tracking in e.m. fields and de-tailed simulation of multiple scattering and straggling in the the absorbers and windows. These calculations show that the 15 Tesla lattice cools in 6-Dphase space by a factor {approx} 2 over a distance of 20 m

A Complete Scheme of Ionization Cooling for a Muon Collider

A complete scheme for production and cooling a muon beam for three specified muon colliders is presented. Parameters for these muon colliders are given. The scheme starts with the front end of a proposed neutrino factory that yields bunch trains of both muon signs. Emittance exchange cooling in slow helical lattices reduces the longitudinal emittance until it becomes possible to merge the trains into single bunches, one of each sign. Further cooling in all dimensions is applied to the single bunches in further slow helical lattices. Final transverse cooling to the required parameters is achieved in 50 T solenoids using high Tc superconductor at 4 K. Preliminary simulations of each element are presented.Comment: 3 pages, 6 figure

Financing of residential rooftop photovoltaic projects under a net metering policy framework: the case of the colombian caribbean region

The inclusion of photovoltaic energy in the Colombian energy matrix has had several difficulties due to the lack of energy policies and regulations in renewable energy projects. The lack of government support with subsidies that extend the coverage of PV energy projects in residential areas has made the collection of funds more challenging. This paper presents a techno-economic analysis for the implementation of grid-connected photovoltaic projects on the roofs of residential areas, under the net metering policy framework. For the profitability analysis, the discounted cash flow (DCF) method was used. The revenues were obtained from the forecasts of the electrical power production of the PV system, based on the characteristics of the Colombian Caribbean Region. For this purpose, the meteorological data (2013-2017) of this region were used as an input for the calculation of the economic benefits that can be achieved with the implementation of PV systems. Based on the technical sizing and economic assumptions, it was proved that the DCF method allows to accurately determine the optimal debt ratio. After evaluating the three scenarios proposed, it was demonstrated that profitability and self-sustainability, with investment from creditors, is obtained from the implementation of PV systems of at least 3 kWp