A systematic review of recommended modifications of CBT for people with cognitive impairments following brain injury

Due to diverse cognitive, emotional and interpersonal changes that can follow brain injury, psychological therapies often need to be adapted to suit the complex needs of this population. The aims of the study were to synthesise published recommendations for therapy modifications following brain injury from non-progressive traumatic, vascular, or metabolic causes and to determine how often such modifications have been applied to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for post-injury emotional adjustment problems. A systematic review and narrative synthesis of therapy modifications recommended in review articles and reported in intervention studies was undertaken. Database and manual searches identified 688 unique papers of which eight review articles and 16 intervention studies met inclusion criteria. The review articles were thematically analysed and a checklist of commonly recommended modifications composed. The checklist items clustered under themes of: therapeutic education and formulation; attention; communication; memory; and executive functioning. When this checklist was applied to the intervention studies, memory aids and an emphasis on socialising patients to the CBT model were most frequently reported as adaptations. It was concluded that the inconsistent reporting of psychological therapy adaptations for people with brain injury is a barrier to developing effective and replicable therapies. We present a comprehensive account of potential modifications that should be used to guide future research and practice

Going International in Extension: A Done Deal?

The author describes three previous JOE Commentaries on internationalization in Extension and recounts the lessons he learned through his own experience in Ukraine. He argues that, while not a done deal, an internationalized Extension is just such a good deal that it will be the norm for the future

Native Participation in Land Management Planning in Alaska

Land ownership and land management in Alaska have changed dramatically since 1980. Native people have become owners of relatively small tracts of private land surrounded by large federal and state holdings. These public lands are the responsibility of a variety of agencies, each of which is preparing land management plans to guide how the land is to be used. Native people, to protect their traditional use of the land, must participate successfully in the preparation of these plans. Four problems inhibit participation: (1) native people are overloaded by the large number of plans, (2) the "world view" of native cultures does not readily accept planning, (3) the public meeting used by all agencies is an inappropriate forum for native participation, and (4) differences in communication style complicate discussion between native people and non-native planners. Potential solutions include coordinating planning efforts to reduce the number of plans, use of more appropriate participation methods, and training of non-native planners in cross-cultural communication and native people in land management planning.Key words: land planning, land management, native people, public participation, cross-cultural communicationMots clés: planification du territoire, gestion du territoire, autochtones, participation publique, communication inter-culturell

Language, Native People, and Land Management in Alaska

The native people of Alaska rely on access to land for subsistence resources. As a result of a series of congressional acts, about 88% of Alaska's land is now managed by federal or state agencies. For native people to retain their subsistence use of resources they must affect agency management decisions. Effective participation in the decision process requires clear translation between English and native languages, of which there are 20 in Alaska. Translation to these languages, even those with few speakers, is important because: elders, the primary decision makers in native communities, are most likely to speak the native language; language survival relates directly to cultural survival; and land management agencies have become the latest Western institutions to suppress native language and culture. Translation, however, is difficult due to substantial differences in English and native language vocabularies, particularly in the area of land management. Three solutions are proposed: training of translators and support of "two-way" terminology workshops; development of a unified glossary of agency management terms; and use of traditional (native) place names and terms by agencies. Agencies are encouraged to provide support to implement these solutions.Key words: native people, language, translation, public participation, land managementRÉSUMÉ. Les autochtones de l’Alaska comptent sur l’accès au territoire pour trouver leurs ressources de subsistance. Suite à une série de lois adoptées par le Congrès, environ 88 p. cent des terres de l’Alaska sont maintenant gérées par des agences fédérales ou de l’État. Pour que les autochtones conservent l’utilisation de leurs ressources à des fins de subsistance, ils doivent agir sur les decisions de l’agence concernant la gestion. Une participation efficace dans le processus décisionnel exige une traduction précise entre l’anglais et les langues autochtones - qui sont au nombre de 20 en Alaska. La traduction vers ces langues - y compris celles qui ne sont parlées que par quelques locuteurs - est importante pour les raisons suivantes: les anciens, qui sont les plus importants preneurs de décision dans les collectivités autochtones, parlent très probablement une langue autochtone; la survie de la langue est directement liée à la survie culturelle; et les agences qui s’occupent de la gestion foncière sont devenues les dernières institutions occidentales à réprimer la langue autochtone et la culture. La traduction est cependant difficile, vu les grandes différences dans le vocabulaire anglais et autochtone, en particulier dans le domaine de la gestion foncière. On propose trois solutions, à savoir: la formation de traducteurs et l’appui à des ateliers de terminologie dans les deux langues; la création d’un glossaire regroupant les termes se rapportant à la gestion foncière; et l’utilisation par les agences de toponymes et termes traditionnels (autochtones). On encourage les agences à offrir leur appui pour la mise en place de ces solutions.Mots clés: autochtones, langue, traduction, participation du public, gestion foncièr

Employee Participation in Decision Making in Extension: A Ladder of Participation to Reduce Cynicism

There is much discussion in modern management, and in Extension, about pushing decisions down to the lowest level. However, there is also much cynicism among employees in Extension about executive decisions and how employees are involved in decisions. A ladder of decision making is offered as a typology of seven levels of decisions. From highest to lowest, the ladder incrementally shifts the responsibility to make the decision from the executive to employees. Potential benefits of the ladder include improving the quality of Extension employees participation and reducing their cynicism

Decision Making: An Architect\u27s Model for Extension Applications

Architects use a four-step process to guide clients in development of a plan. This process can be adapted for use by Extension faculty when they work with clients, whether individuals, groups, or communities. The process, for complex problems, often involves several cycles through the steps, with reviews between the cycles. The process is useful at many levels of decision making, from program planning to meeting management. Benefits from the process include increased and more effective participation and reduced costs in both time and money