Stable Isotope Composition of Fatty Acids in Organisms of Different Trophic Levels in the Yenisei River

We studied four-link food chain, periphytic microalgae and water moss (producers), trichopteran larvae (consumers I), gammarids (omnivorous – consumers II) and Siberian grayling (consumers III) at a littoral site of the Yenisei River on the basis of three years monthly sampling. Analysis of bulk carbon stable isotopes and compound specific isotope analysis of fatty acids (FA) were done. As found, there was a gradual depletion in 13C contents of fatty acids, including essential FA upward the food chain. In all the trophic levels a parabolic dependence of δ13C values of fatty acids on their degree of unsaturation/chain length occurred, with 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 in its lowest point. The pattern in the δ13C differences between individual fatty acids was quite similar to that reported in literature for marine pelagic food webs. Hypotheses on isotope fractionation were suggested to explain the findings

Fatty Acid Content and Composition of Freshwater Planaria Dendrocoelopsis sp. (Planariidae, Turbellaria, Platyhelminthes) from the Yenisei River

For the first time the fatty acid content and composition of freshwater planarian Dendrocoelopsis sp. has been studied in a station of the large Siberian River, the Yenisei. The dominant fatty acids were palmitic, oleic, eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids. The characteristic feature of planarian fatty acid composition was that ω3 docosapentaenoic acid was 2-10 times higher than docosahexaenoic acid. The average content of ω3 PUFA in the planarian was significantly higher than that of ω6 PUFA, 7.20±1.21 and 1.22±0.22 mg/g of wet weight, respectively. The content of sum ω3 PUFAs which are essential for the nutrition of aquatic organisms of the higher trophic levels in the studied planarian was comparatively high

Study of Plant Growth Promoting Activity and Chemical Composition of Pine Bark after Various Storage Periods

Composition and content of terpene compounds in pine bark (Pinus sylvestris) after various storage periods were studied by GLC-MS. Resin acids were found to be the main diterpenoic compounds in the bark. Content of dehydroabietic acid in initial bark is 0.6 g/kg and it decreases three-fold after one year of storage. High activity of pine bark after various storage periods towards risogenesis of wheat (Triticum aestivum) was discovered. Strong correlation (r = 0.89) between growth promoting activity of pine bark and content of dehydroabietic acid in it was found

Fatty Acid Content and Composition of Freshwater Planaria Dendrocoelopsis sp. (Planariidae, Turbellaria, Platyhelminthes) from the Yenisei River

For the first time the fatty acid content and composition of freshwater planarian Dendrocoelopsis sp. has been studied in a station of the large Siberian River, the Yenisei. The dominant fatty acids were palmitic, oleic, eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids. The characteristic feature of planarian fatty acid composition was that ω3 docosapentaenoic acid was 2-10 times higher than docosahexaenoic acid. The average content of ω3 PUFA in the planarian was significantly higher than that of ω6 PUFA, 7.20±1.21 and 1.22±0.22 mg/g of wet weight, respectively. The content of sum ω3 PUFAs which are essential for the nutrition of aquatic organisms of the higher trophic levels in the studied planarian was comparatively high

Influence of Salinity on Growth and Biochemical Composition of Green Alga Botryococcus braunii Kütz IPPAS H-252

Исследовано влияние солености на рост одноклеточной водоросли Botryococcus braunii Kütz IPPAS H-252, содержание общего азота и липидов, а также состав жирных кислот (ЖК), каротиноидов и углеводородов в биомассе. Показано, что присутствие в среде NaCl (0,3 М и 0,7 M) в течение первых трех суток ингибировало рост водоросли, приводило к снижению содержания общего азота и увеличению доли триацилглицеринов. Кроме того, в присутствии NaCl на третьи сутки произошли значительные изменения в составе ЖК водоросли, заключающиеся в снижении содержания полиненасыщенных кислот (ПНЖК) (до 29,4 и 12,8 % от суммы ЖК), увеличении доли олеиновой кислоты (до 20,0 и 21,8 %) и длинноцепочечных насыщенных ЖК (до 5,3 и 14,1 %) при 0,3 и 0,7 M NaCl соответственно. На 7 и 12-е сутки (при 0,3 M NaCl) содержание ПНЖК было таким же, как и в фазе активного роста водоросли. Увеличение доли ПНЖК при 0,7 M NaCl было менее значительным, но так же, как и при 0,3 M NaCl, увеличивались биомасса культуры и концентрация общего азота в клетках, что свидетельствует о возможности адаптации данной водоросли к исследованным концентрациям NaCl.The effect of 0,3 and 0,7 M NaCl on biomass yield, total nitrogen content, intracellular lipid content, hydrocarbons and fatty acid profile of the lipids of the alga Botryococcus braunii Kütz IPPAS H-252 in different phases of the culture cycle was studied. The presence of sodium chloride in the medium inhibited the growth of algal cells for the first three days of the experiment, causing a decrease in total nitrogen, enhanced synthesis of triacylglycerols. In addition, considerable changes in the lipid fatty acid profile were found, i.e. decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels (29,38 % and 12,8 %) and levels of long-chain saturated acids (5,3 % and 14,13 % of the total) at 0,3 M NaCl and 0,7 M NaCl, respectively. In later phases of the culture, at 0,3 M NaCl, the PUFA content increased up to the values characteristic of the active growth phase of the alga. At 0,7 M NaCl, the proportion of PUFA enhanced at less extent, but biomass concentration and total nitrogen increased, similarly to the experiment with 0,3 M NaCl, that may also be indicative of adaptation of the alga to the studied concentrations of NaCl

Influence of Salinity on Growth and Biochemical Composition of Green Alga Botryococcus braunii Kütz IPPAS H-252

Исследовано влияние солености на рост одноклеточной водоросли Botryococcus braunii Kütz IPPAS H-252, содержание общего азота и липидов, а также состав жирных кислот (ЖК), каротиноидов и углеводородов в биомассе. Показано, что присутствие в среде NaCl (0,3 М и 0,7 M) в течение первых трех суток ингибировало рост водоросли, приводило к снижению содержания общего азота и увеличению доли триацилглицеринов. Кроме того, в присутствии NaCl на третьи сутки произошли значительные изменения в составе ЖК водоросли, заключающиеся в снижении содержания полиненасыщенных кислот (ПНЖК) (до 29,4 и 12,8 % от суммы ЖК), увеличении доли олеиновой кислоты (до 20,0 и 21,8 %) и длинноцепочечных насыщенных ЖК (до 5,3 и 14,1 %) при 0,3 и 0,7 M NaCl соответственно. На 7 и 12-е сутки (при 0,3 M NaCl) содержание ПНЖК было таким же, как и в фазе активного роста водоросли. Увеличение доли ПНЖК при 0,7 M NaCl было менее значительным, но так же, как и при 0,3 M NaCl, увеличивались биомасса культуры и концентрация общего азота в клетках, что свидетельствует о возможности адаптации данной водоросли к исследованным концентрациям NaCl.The effect of 0,3 and 0,7 M NaCl on biomass yield, total nitrogen content, intracellular lipid content, hydrocarbons and fatty acid profile of the lipids of the alga Botryococcus braunii Kütz IPPAS H-252 in different phases of the culture cycle was studied. The presence of sodium chloride in the medium inhibited the growth of algal cells for the first three days of the experiment, causing a decrease in total nitrogen, enhanced synthesis of triacylglycerols. In addition, considerable changes in the lipid fatty acid profile were found, i.e. decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels (29,38 % and 12,8 %) and levels of long-chain saturated acids (5,3 % and 14,13 % of the total) at 0,3 M NaCl and 0,7 M NaCl, respectively. In later phases of the culture, at 0,3 M NaCl, the PUFA content increased up to the values characteristic of the active growth phase of the alga. At 0,7 M NaCl, the proportion of PUFA enhanced at less extent, but biomass concentration and total nitrogen increased, similarly to the experiment with 0,3 M NaCl, that may also be indicative of adaptation of the alga to the studied concentrations of NaCl

Study of Plant Growth Promoting Activity and Chemical Composition of Pine Bark after Various Storage Periods

Composition and content of terpene compounds in pine bark (Pinus sylvestris) after various storage periods were studied by GLC-MS. Resin acids were found to be the main diterpenoic compounds in the bark. Content of dehydroabietic acid in initial bark is 0.6 g/kg and it decreases three-fold after one year of storage. High activity of pine bark after various storage periods towards risogenesis of wheat (Triticum aestivum) was discovered. Strong correlation (r = 0.89) between growth promoting activity of pine bark and content of dehydroabietic acid in it was found

Average (± standard error) δ¹³C values (‰) of fatty acids (FA) of total lipids and triacylglycerols of <i>Eulimnogammarus lacustris</i> from littoral sites of the Yenisei River and significance of their differences according to Student's <i>t</i>-test for dependent pairs and Wilcoxon matched pairs T-test for number of pairs n = 9.

<p>Average (± standard error) δ¹³C values (‰) of fatty acids (FA) of total lipids and triacylglycerols of <i>Eulimnogammarus lacustris</i> from littoral sites of the Yenisei River and significance of their differences according to Student's <i>t</i>-test for dependent pairs and Wilcoxon matched pairs T-test for number of pairs n = 9.</p

Average isotope composition of fatty acids in water moss <i>Fontinalis antipyretica</i> from the littoral of the Yenisei River.

<p>Bars represent standard errors.</p

Schematic of synthesis of fatty acids from pool of acetate with relative isotope composition values of the pool and the acids, arranged along δ¹³C axe. Transferases/desaturases provide the kinetic isotope effect, resulting in the isotope depletion in the synthesized fatty acid, 18:3n-3, while elognase adds carbon atom from the acetate pool and thereby provides the isotope enrichment in the synthesized fatty acid, 20:5n-3.

<p>A number of intermediate fatty acids are substituted by “…”.</p