70 research outputs found

    CONSTITUITVE HOLDERS AND DEFINITION OF MINORITIES IN THE HUNGARIAN AND MACEDONIAN CASE

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    The paper presents a comparative analysis of the legal regulations in the Republic of North Macedonia (Macedonia) and the Republic of Hungary related to state foundation, constitutive holders and definition of minorities. Considering that both countries have populations of different ethnic backgrounds, a comparison is made to examine how minorities issues are regulated and whether they are part of the state constitution.The comparative analysis reveals differences in terms of the history of state formation, constitutive documents and legal acts related to the protection of minorities. However, similarities exist in the utilization of the ethnic element in definition of constitutive holders

    GEOPOLITICAL ASPECT OF DEFENCE POLICY AND THE MILITARY FORCES OF ISRAEL, SINGAPORE AND REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

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    The subject of this research is the military readiness of Israel, Singapore and Republic ofMacedonia and its geopolitical contribution. The following analysis takes into consideration:geographic location, the multicultural character of the population and neighboring policiesregarding the constitution of these countries and their impact on building of internationalrelations. The aim of the study is to discover how these characteristics and situations affect thecreation of countries’ defense policies and how much the power of military forces contributesto the state’s geopolitical importance at the international level

    THE UKRAINIAN QUESTION AND BALANCE OF POWER

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    The subject of analysis in this paper is Russian-Ukrainian relations and their effect on thebalance of power. The first part of the paper gives a brief historical overview of the alliancesformed after the collapse of the USSR and the Warsaw Pact. The second part is dedicated toRussian-Ukrainian relations. The third part gives a brief overview of international politicsin the post-cold period, while the fourth part provides conclusive views on the effect of theUkrainian issue on the balance of power

    Geopolitical aspects of defense policy and the military forces of Israel, Singapore and Republic of Macedonia

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    ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° подготвСност Π½Π° Π˜Π·Ρ€Π°Π΅Π», Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°ΠΏΡƒΡ€ ΠΈ Π Π΅ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° МакСдонија ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ˜Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ допринСс. Анализата Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΅Π½Π° зСмјаќи Π³ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄: гСографската мСстополоТба, ΠΌΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ Π½Π° насСлСниСто ΠΈ сосСдскитС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎ однос Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠΈΡ€Π°ΡšΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²ΠΈ ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎ влијаниС Π²ΠΎ однос Π½Π° Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π΅ΡšΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ“ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ односи. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΅ Π΄Π° сС Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΊΡƒ Π½Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ карактСристики ΠΈ ситуации Π²Π»ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π°Ρ‚ Π²ΠΎ ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΈΡ€Π°ΡšΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π±Ρ€Π°Π½Π±Π΅Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΊΡƒ ΠΌΠΎΡœΡ‚Π° Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ сили придонСсува Π·Π° Π½ΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠ° ваТност Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ“ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ²

    Rule of law and use of state and minority symbols in Macedonian and Serbian case

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    The rule of law implies that all individuals, as subjects of the law, are equal before the law in terms of their rights and obligations, as well as in the limitations imposed on certain behaviors. This equality and these limitations should not discriminate on any national, religious, gender or official basis. The subject of this paper is an comparative analysis of the rule of law in N. Macedonia (Macedonia) and Serbia conducted through an examination of the implementation of constitutional and legal regulations regarding the use of state symbols and community symbols. The purpose of the research is to determine whether the application of these principles is in accordance with the rule of law. Practice shows that the rule of law is not always fully implemented in the two cases. The use of official duties and free willingness of individuals can be considered among the causes of non-compliance with the rule of law. In the conclusion, two evaluations are provided: one regarding the adequacy of the existing regulation and the other suggesting possible future solutions that would be in accordance with the rule of la

    ΠœΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΡ‚ ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π· Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ˜ΠΎΡ‚ (со осврт Π½Π° макСдонското ΠΎΠΏΡˆΡ‚Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ)

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    Овој Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ Π³ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΡƒΠ²Π° ΠΏΡ€Π°ΡˆΠ°ΡšΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ Π·Π° ΠΌΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΡ‚, (сфатСн Π²ΠΎ Ρ…Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π° Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠ° смисла), ΠΎΠ΄ Π΅Π΄Π½Π° страна ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ‚, Π° ΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³Π° страна Π²ΠΎ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π·Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ˜. Π’ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π²ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ Π΄Π΅Π» сС Π΄Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈ Π½Π° тСорСтски Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° спорСд ΠΊΠΎΠΈ, Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π° хСтСрогСност Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡˆΡ‚Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ‚, кој послСдоватСлно влијаС Π²Ρ€Π· Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ˜ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΡ‚ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π°Ρ‚ Π΄ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ˜. Π’ΠΎ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ Π΄Π΅Π» Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡšΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΅Π½ осврт Π½Π° макСдонското ΠΌΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡˆΡ‚Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Π²ΠΎ контСкст Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ изнСсСнитС тСорСтски Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ°. Односно Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΅Π½Π° Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ° Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ‚, кој ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡƒΠ²Π½Π° Π²ΠΎ 2001 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ спровСдСнитС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ Π²ΠΎ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ˜. ΠšΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΈ Π·Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ: ΠΌΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ‚ΠΈ, Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ˜, макСдонскиот случа

    Π Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ„ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π½Π° макСдонското ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ Π½Π° Π½Π°Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ€Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈ влијанија ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²Π° одрТливост

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    Π˜Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° Π Π΅ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° МакСдонија ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ сС случи ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ Π½Π° Π½Π°Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ€Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈ влијанија (Π Π΅ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π“Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ“ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° Π·Π°Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ†Π°) ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ˜Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π° уставот ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π±ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Π½Π° Π’Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° спогодба ΠΎΠ΄ 1995 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠŸΡ€Π΅ΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΎΡ‚ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ ΠΎΠ΄ 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° (склучСни ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ“Ρƒ МакСдонија ΠΈ Π“Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°), ΠžΡ…Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΎΡ‚ Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ ΠΎΠ΄ 2001 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° (Ρ‡ΠΈΠΈ потписници ΠΌΠ΅Ρ“Ρƒ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ сС ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π°Ρ˜Ρ†Π° прСтставници ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ“ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° Π·Π°Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ†Π°) ΠΈ Π΅Π²Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ Π½Π° Π±Π°Ρ€Π°ΡšΠ°Ρ‚Π° ΠΎΠ΄ страна Π½Π° Π‘ΡƒΠ³Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ˜Π°, Π³ΠΎ поставува ΠΏΡ€Π°ΡˆΠ°ΡšΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ: Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π° нСмСшањС Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ Π½Π° Π΅Π΄Π½Π° Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π° (Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Π½Π° ВСстфалскиот сувСрСнитСт ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ“ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎ), сС ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ²Π°, ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ„ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€Π°ΡšΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π° стабилност ΠΈ Π²Π΅Ρ€Π±Π° Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° Π΅Π΄Π½Π° Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π°, Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ˜Π°Π½ΠΎ сС ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡƒΠ²Π°. Π’ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‚ Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΅Π½Π° ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΠ° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ Π³ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΏΠ΅Π° макСдонскиот устав ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈ, Π²ΠΎ насока Π΄Π° сС Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΊΡƒ иститС сС ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈ

    ΠžΠ΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° малцинствата Π²ΠΎ макСдонскиот ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ˜

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    ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π½Π° овој Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π° Π·Π° Π·Π°ΡˆΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π° Π½Π° малцинствата Π²ΠΎ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅Ρ€Π½Π° МакСдонија, со Ρ†Π΅Π», Π΄Π° сС Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° малцинствата сС ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ допринСсуваат Π΄ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ˜. Π—Π° Π΄Π° сС ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΡ€Π°ΡˆΠ°ΡšΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΅Π½Π° Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π½Π° уставнитС ΠΈ законски ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π±ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ сС ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π·Π°Π½ΠΈ со ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° малцинствата, со посСбСн осврт Π½Π° Π°ΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ ΠžΡ…Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΎΡ‚ Π Π°ΠΌΠΊΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ Π”ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ (ΠžΠ Π”), Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ Π½ΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°. ΠŸΡ€Π°ΡˆΠ°ΡšΠ°Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π° сС слСднитС: ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚Π° Π·Π° Π·Π°ΡˆΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π° Π½Π° малцинствата сС Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ˜Π½ΠΈ (Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ), Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ Π³ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠ²Π°Π°Ρ‚ Π½ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΊΡƒ допринСсуваат Π΄ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ˜ΠΎΡ‚. Од Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΅Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π° сС Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π°ΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ ΠžΡ…Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΎΡ‚ Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€, кој Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ стана ΠΈ Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠ΄ конститутивнитС Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ Π·Π° дрТавноста, Π½Π΅ цСлосно Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ одрТливост, Π°ΠΊΠΎ сС Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ‚ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚Π° Π½Π΅ сСкогаш сС ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ²Π°Π°Ρ‚, Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π°Ρ€Π°ΡšΠ°Ρ‚Π° Π·Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ однос Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΡˆΠ°ΡšΠ° Π½Π΅ стивнуваат

    ΠžΡ…Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΎΡ‚ Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ ΠΈ Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎ-атлантската ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°, 20 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ†Π½Π°

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    МакСдонија стана нСзависна Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π° Π²ΠΎ 1991 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡƒΡˆΡ‚Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄ самото ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ˜ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ сС изјасни Π·Π° Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎ-атлантската ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠ²Π°Ρ˜ΡœΠΈ сС Π½Π° ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡƒΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΈ условитС ΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ овој процСс. По дСсСт Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π΅Ρ˜Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ˜ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅, Π²ΠΎ 2001 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡƒΠ²Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ‚ кој сС Π·Π°Π²Ρ€ΡˆΠΈ со ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΏΠΈΡˆΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠžΡ…Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΎΡ‚ Π Π°ΠΌΠΊΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ Π”ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€, кој исто Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠ° стана Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠ΄ основнитС услови ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡƒΠΌΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΡšΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π° Π·Π΅ΠΌΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Π° Π²ΠΎ Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎ-атлантската ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°. Π’ΠΎ 2005 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° Π·Π΅ΠΌΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈ статус Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ Π·Π° ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° Π²ΠΎ Π•Π£, Π²ΠΎ 2008 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° бСшС ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π° Π΄Π° Π²Π»Π΅Π·Π΅ Π²ΠΎ НАВО, Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈ спорот со ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ со Π“Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°, истото сС случи само ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΏΠΈΡˆΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠŸΡ€Π΅ΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΎΡ‚ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ . На 27 ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ 2020 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° МакСдонија стана Ρ‡Π»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° НАВО, Π° Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Европскиот совСт ја ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π»ΡƒΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ Π·Π° ΠΎΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Π·Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚Π°ΠΏΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° овој Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ Π΅ Π΄Π° сС Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Π²Ρ€Π· ΠΊΠΎΠΈ сС заснова ΠžΠ Π” придонСсоа Π·Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π° Π·Π΅ΠΌΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Π° Π²ΠΎ Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎ-атлантскиот процСс. ΠšΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΈ Π·Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ: ΠžΡ…Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€, Π Π΅ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅Ρ€Π½Π° МакСдонија, ΠΌΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌ, Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎ-атлантска ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°, малцински ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°. Macedonia became an independent state in 1991 and since its independence has declared its Euro-Atlantic membership aspiration, adapting to the criteria and conditions that emerged from this process. Ten years after its independence, an armed conflict erupted in 2001, which ended with signing of the Ohrid Framework Agreement, which also became one of the basic conditions and criteria for measuring the country's progress in Euro-Atlantic integration. In 2005, the country received the status of a candidate for EU integration, in 2008 it was ready to join NATO, but due to the name dispute with Greece, that happened only after the signing of the Prespa Agreement. On March 27, 2020, Macedonia became a member of NATO, and the day before the European Council approved the decision of the Council to open accession negotiations. The purpose of this paper is to see how the OFA’s principles have contributed to the country's progress in the Euro-Atlantic process. Keywords: Ohrid Framework Agreement, Republic of North Macedonia, multiculturalism, Euro-Atlantic integration, minority rights

    The β€œVisegrad initiative” vis-Γ -vis β€œOpen Balkan initiative” in the process of European integration

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    Following the collapse of the communist regimes, in Central European countries, the belief that collaborative efforts could facilitate both social transformation and European integration, served as a key motivation for establishing of the Visegrad Group (V4), comprising of Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland. In Southeastern Europe, given the war conflicts that occurred during the 1990s, in 1999, the EU Council initiated the Stabilization and Association Process (SAP) to encourage Western Balkans countries (WB) to cooperate among themselves and confirmed their eligibility for EU membership. After the V4 countries joined the EU, the Visegrad Declaration on cooperation in 2004 emphasized the idea of supporting the European integration of neighboring regions, including the Western Balkan region. From 2004 to the present day, the WB countries have applied for EU membership, and they have been granted EU candidate country status. In 2014 they became part of the Berlin process (BP) initiative and for three of them - Albania, North Macedonia (N. Macedonia) and Serbia – accession negotiations with EU have already been opened. These three countries launched the Mini Schengen initiative in 2019, which was transformed into Open Balkan initiative (OB3) in 2021. Since that both Visegrad and Open Balkan initiatives aim to enhance interstates cooperation and facilitate European integration process for their respective countries, the purpose of this paper is to consider the role of regional organizations and initiatives in accelerating the integration process, to examine whether the OB3 can draw valuable lessons from V4 experience and to elucidate how V4 supports the integration process of OB3
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