A standard source for high energy neutrino astronomy

A standard source of high energy neutrinos composed of a source of accelerated particles imbedded in a cloud of low density gas is described. The main mechanism of neutrino production in the source is pp-collision, and the main process of detection is through muons produced underground by the neutrions. The flux of neutrino-produced muons is computed for sources with different spectral index

A search for cosmic sources of high energy neutrinos with small underground detectors

On the basis of standard source calculations of high energy neutrino fluxes, some models of astrophysical object (single stars and binary systems) are discussed from which a detectable muon flux is expected in small underground detectors

New analysis for the correlation between gravitational waves and neutrino detectors during SN1987A

Two major problems, still associated with the SN1987A, are: a) the signals observed with the gravitational waves detectors, b) the duration of the collapse. Indeed, a) the sensitivity of the gravitational wave detectors seems to be small for detecting gravitational waves and, b) while some experimental data indicate a duration of order of hours, most theories assume that the collapse develops in a few seconds. Since recent data of the X-ray NuSTAR satellite show a clear evidence of an asymmetric collapse, we have revisited the experimental data recorded by the underground and gravitational wave detectors running during the SN1987A. New evidence is shown that con rms previous results, namely that the data recorded by the gravitational wave detectors running in Rome and in Maryland are strongly correlated with the data of both the Mont Blanc and the Kamiokande detectors, and that the correlation extends over a long period of time (one or two hours) centered at the Mont Blanc time. This result indicates that also Kamiokande detected neutrinos at the Mont Blanc time, and these interactions were not identi ed because not grouped in a burst

Pricing Network Effects

The increase in the information that firms can collect or purchase about network effects across consumers motivates two important questions: how does a firm's pricing strategy react to detailed information on network effects? Are the availability and use of such information beneficial or detrimental to consumer surplus? We develop a model in which a monopoly sells a network good and price discriminates based on information about consumers' influence and consumers' susceptibility to influence. The monopoly optimally offers consumers price discounts for their influence and charges price premia for their susceptibility; the price premia and the price discounts are simple functions of the pattern of network effects.We determine under which conditions, relative to uniform price, consumer surplus increases, and we characterize the value of information on network effects for the monopoly

The Value of Network Information

The business model of companies such as Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter, relies on monetizing the information on the interactions and influences of their users. How valuable is such information, and is its use beneficial or detrimental for consumer welfare? We study these questions in a model where a monopoly sells a network good and may price discriminate using network information: information on consumers influences and/or on consumers susceptibilities to influence. Our framework incorporates a rich set of market products, including goods characterized by global and local network effects. We derive results on the value of network information and determine under which conditions, relative to uniform price, consumer surplus increases. We demonstrate the applicability of our framework using survey data on various types of relationships

Badger: Complexity Analysis with Fuzzing and Symbolic Execution

Hybrid testing approaches that involve fuzz testing and symbolic execution have shown promising results in achieving high code coverage, uncovering subtle errors and vulnerabilities in a variety of software applications. In this paper we describe Badger - a new hybrid approach for complexity analysis, with the goal of discovering vulnerabilities which occur when the worst-case time or space complexity of an application is significantly higher than the average case. Badger uses fuzz testing to generate a diverse set of inputs that aim to increase not only coverage but also a resource-related cost associated with each path. Since fuzzing may fail to execute deep program paths due to its limited knowledge about the conditions that influence these paths, we complement the analysis with a symbolic execution, which is also customized to search for paths that increase the resource-related cost. Symbolic execution is particularly good at generating inputs that satisfy various program conditions but by itself suffers from path explosion. Therefore, Badger uses fuzzing and symbolic execution in tandem, to leverage their benefits and overcome their weaknesses. We implemented our approach for the analysis of Java programs, based on Kelinci and Symbolic PathFinder. We evaluated Badger on Java applications, showing that our approach is significantly faster in generating worst-case executions compared to fuzzing or symbolic execution on their own

Multiparametric Semi-quantitative Scoring System for the histological evaluation of marine fish larval and juvenile quality

Gilthead seabream (GSB - Sparus aurata) and European seabass (ESB - Dicentrarchus labrax) are two of the most farmed fish species in EU. However, production of sea bream/bass in the EU has remained stagnant for the last decade and the Mediterranean EU aquaculture faces significant sustainability challenges. In consideration of this, and as it is largely recognized that the success of marine aquaculture strictly depends on the production of good quality larvae/juveniles, in this paper the authors put forward an original standardized tool for the histological assessment of GSB and ESB larva/juveniles. This tool promptly allows to highlight problems in marine fish larval batches because of managerial practices, suggesting to fish farmers which direction take to resolve them. A Multiparametric Semi-quantitative Scoring System (scoring range 1–5) has been originally developed for larval/juvenile histological evaluation and it includes 18 descriptors related to 6 organ districts. The values of each descriptor can be summarized in two indexes: the CHI (Cumulative Histological Index), giving general information about the quality of a fish batch in that precise moment and the OCV (Organ condition value) showing the general condition of each organ and by the individual descriptors. The paper purposes are to describe the MSSS, the criteria established for the score attribution and to supply some indications for the use of the tool

Consumption of private goods as substitutes for environmental goods in an economic growth model

We analyze growth dynamics in an economy where a private good can be consumed as a substitute for a free access environmental good. In this context we show that environmental deterioration may be an engine of economic growth. To protect themselves against environmental deterioration, economic agents are forced to increase their labour supply to increase the production and consumption of the private good. This, in turn, further depletes the environmental good, leading economic agents to further increase their labour supply and private consumption and so on. This substitution process may give rise to self-enforcing growth dynamics characterized by a lack of correlation between capital accumulation and private consumption levels, on one side, and economic agents’ welfare, on the other. Furthermore, we show that agents’ self-protection consumption choices can generate indeterminacy; that is, they can give rise to the existence of a continuum of (Nash) equilibrium orbits leading to the same attracting fixed point or periodic orbit

Oral Communication: Generating Network Data for Automated Unit Test Generation

Although automated unit test generation techniques can in principle generate test suites that achieve high code coverage, in practice this is often inhibited by the dependence of the code under test on external resources. In particular, a common problem in modern programming languages is posed by code that involves networking (e.g., opening a TCP listening port). In order to generate tests for such code, we describe an approach where we mock (simulate) the networking interfaces of the Java standard library, such that a search-based test generator can treat the network as part of the test input space.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ