The use of the principle of superposition in measuring and predicting the thermal characteristics of an electronic equipment operated in a space environment

The advantages and possible pitfalls of using a generalized method of measuring and, based on these measurements, predicting the transient or steady-state thermal response characteristics of an electronic equipment designed to operate in a space environment are reviewed. The method requires generation of a set of thermal influence coefficients by test measurement in vacuo. A implified thermal mockup isused in this test. Once this data set is measured, temperatures resulting from arbitrary steady-state or time varying power profiles can be economically calculated with the aid of a digital computer

A Tale of Two Commodities: China’s Trade in Corn and Soybeans

Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade,

ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF FARMER PARTICIPATION IN THE DAIRY TERMINATION PROGRAM IN NORTH CAROLINA AND VIRGINIA

Farm-level data are used to estimate equations explaining the probability of bidding and the level of the bid for the 1986 Dairy Termination Program. Participation was attractive to older farmers, to those who were not planning to transfer the farm to a family member, to less experienced farmers, and to those using less sophisticated management techniques. Schooling, off-farm work, and nonfarm experience did not have significant effects. The participation pattern suggests that the long-term effects of the program on milk supply are small.Farm Management,

Innovation in Financial Services, Relationships and Risk Sharing

Relationships between intermediaries and their customers have become increasingly important in recent years. This paper argues that the need for costly ex ante information acquisition and analysis is a major barrier to the participation of investors and firms in sophisticated markets. Long-term relationships between intermediaries and their customers, in which intermediaries provide implicit insurance to customers, can be an effective substitute for costly ex ante investigation. In this way, intermediaries allow firms and investors to reap the benefits of financial markets. Relationships are easiest to sustain when the ongoing benefits to both parties are high. As a result competition may lower the benefits that can be obtained from relationships. This paper was presented at the Financial Institutions Center's conference on Performance of Financial Institutions, May 8-10, 1997.

Imports From China and Food Safety Issues

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) increased attention to food imports from China is an indicator of safety concerns as imported food becomes more common in the United States. U.S. food imports from China more than tripled in value between 2001 and 2008. Addressing safety risks associated with these imports is difficult because of the vast array of products from China, China’s weak enforcement of food safety standards, its heavy use of agricultural chemicals, and its considerable environmental pollution. FDA import refusal data highlight food safety problems that appear to recur in trade and where FDA has focused its import alerts and monitoring efforts. FDA refusals of food shipments from China suggest recurring problems with “filth,” unsafe additives, labeling (typically introduced in food processing and handling), and veterinary drug residues in fish and shellfish (introduced at the farm). Chinese authorities try to control food export safety by certifying exporters and the farms that supply them. However, monitoring such a wide range of products for the different hazards that can arise at varying points in the supply chain is a difficult challenge for Chinese and U.S. officials.China, food imports, food safety, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA, misbranding, labeling, refusals, shipment, violation., Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, International Relations/Trade,

Markets Adapt to China's Changing Diet

China, meat, consumption, prices, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, International Relations/Trade, Q1, F1, P2,

DEMAND FOR FOOD QUANTITY AND QUALITY IN CHINA

As their incomes rise, Chinese consumers are changing their diets and demanding greater quality, convenience, and safety in food. Food expenditures grow faster than quantities purchased as income rises, suggesting that consumers with higher incomes purchase more expensive foods. The top-earning Chinese households appear to have reached a point where the income elasticity of demand for quantity of most foods is near zero. China’s food market is becoming segmented. The demand for quality by high-income households has fueled recent growth in modern food retail and sales of premium-priced food and beverage products. Food expenditures and incomes have grown much more slowly for rural and low-income urban households.China, food, consumption, demand, income, elasticities, Engel curve, households, rural, urban, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Objetos metálicos de la Edad del Bronce de Chipre - metal procedente de Anatolia y el Mediterráneo Occidental

Hundreds of Bronze Age metal artefacts excavated on archaeological sites in Cyprus have been analysed for their lead isotope and elemental composition in the Isotrace Laboratory, University of Oxford, in the years 1982-2002. In parallel, but in particular after 1995, hundreds of samples of minerals and slags collected from the mines and smelting sites around the Troodos Mountains were also analysed. Most of the results were published in various articles over the years, but the interpretation of some of the lead isotope data needs a current revision in view of new research conducted in Spain, Sardinia and southern France. It has been known that the lead isotope data for metal artefacts from the Cypriot Bronze Age sites shows that not all of the copper is consistent with origin from the Cypriot ores. In addition, the lead and silver artefacts found there must have been imported, because there are no lead or silver ores on Cyprus. The re-evaluation of the data shows that about 11 % of the analysed metal artefacts are consistent with the origin from the deposits in the Aegean and Turkey, while about 14 % with sources in the Western Mediterranean. This paper discusses in detail the current interpretation of the research into the sources of imported metal found in the Bronze Age context on Cyprus.Cientos de objetos de metal de la Edad del Bronce excavados en yacimientos de Chipre han sido analizados para conocer su composición elemental y sus isótopos de plomo en el Isotrace Laboratory de la Universidad de Oxford entre los años 1982 y 2002. Especialmente con posterioridad a 1995 cientos de muestras de minerales y escorias recogidas de minas y sitios de reducción de minerales localizadas en el entorno de las montañas de Troodos también fueron analizadas. La mayoría de los resultados fueron publicados en varios artículos a lo largo del tiempo, pero la interpretación de algunos análisis de isótopos de plomo necesitan de una revisión a la vista de las nuevas investigaciones realizadas en España, Cerdeña y Sur de Francia. Es sabido que los datos de isótopos de plomo de objetos metálicos de yacimientos chipriotas de la Edad del Bronce muestran que no todo el cobre es consistente con un origen de minerales de Chipre. Además, los objetos de plomo y plata debieron ser importados debido a que no existen minerales de plomo o plata en la isla. La re-evaluación de los datos muestra que alrededor del 11 % de los objetos de metal analizados son consistentes con un origen en los depósitos del Egeo y Turquía, mientras que un 14 % lo son con minerales del Mediterráneo Occidental. Este artículo discute en detalle la interpretación actual de la investigación sobre el metal importado recuperado en contextos de la Edad del Bronce en Chipre

Sharp Cut: Harold Pinter\u27s Screenplays and the Artistic Process

Best known as one of the most important playwrights of the twentieth century, Harold Pinter has also written many highly regarded screenplays, including Academy Award-nominated screenplays for The French Lieutenant’s Woman and Betrayal , collaborations with English director Joseph Losey, and an unproduced script for the remake of Stanley Kubrick’s 1962 adaptation of Lolita . In this definitive study of Pinter’s screenplays, Steven H. Gale compares the scripts with their sources and the resulting films, analyzes their stages of development, and shows how Pinter creates unique works of art by extracting the essence from his source and rendering it in cinematic terms. Gale introduces each film, traces the events that led to the script’s writing, examines critical reaction to the film, and provides an extensive bibliography, appendices, and an index. A highly significant book both for Pinter studies and for the neglected analysis of the genre of film scripts. . . . This pioneering work will be a model for subsequent studies of film scripts. -- Choice To say that [Steven Gale] is a master of the scholarship on Harold Pinter is an understatement….I have seldom agreed so much with an author’s interpretations of a film artist as I do with [Gale’s]….This is a landmark in scholarship about the adaptation of fiction and drama to film by an author who know his subject (in both senses of the word) inside out. In particular he documents the collaboration of Harold Printer with film director Joseph Losey, which is one of the most celebrated creative associations of a writer and director in cinema history. -- Gene D. Phillips Such a volume was refreshing to read and gave me faith in scholarship—again. -- Peter C. Rollins Named a Choice 2003 Academic Title.https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_english_language_and_literature_british_isles/1006/thumbnail.jp