Comunicación Bilateral de los Nervios Músculocutáneo y Mediano. Aspectos Morfológicos e Importancia Clínica

Cerda, A (Cerda, Aladino). Univ Talca, Talca, ChileCommunication of the musculocutaneous and median nerves of the brachial plexus is common and is important in the evaluation of trauma and surgical procedures in axillary and brachial regions. This paper presents a case in which during a routine dissection of upper limb the presence of bilateral communication between musculocutaneous and medium nerves was observed. Trajectory of communicating branches was described, relation and morphometry was discussed with regard to prevalence and clinical significance of these communications

Labio leporino en la terminología biomédica

Cantin, M (reprint author), Univ Talca, Dept Ciencias Basicas & Biomed, Talca, Chile

Fácil Determinación y sin Sesgo del Volumen del Seno Maxilar

Galdames, IS (Suazo Galdames, Ivan). Univ Talca, Talca, ChileDetermining the volume of the maxillary sinus is necessary in certain procedures. We present a simple method for estimating the volume of the maxillary sinus from groups 3, 5 and 9 coronal CT scan using the Cavalieri method combined with systematic sampling and evaluated randomized images. We used 10 dry skulls submitted to the TC. The actual volume was determined using silicone adapted to the maxillary sinus cavity. The estimated volume showed a high correlation with real volume, with no differences between groups. We concluded that it is possible to estimate without bias and with high accuracy the volume of the maxillary sinus from a minimum of 3 CT images obtained through randomized systematic sampling and the proposed method

Las Arterias Circunflejas Femorales en el Triángulo Femoral

Galdames, IS (Suazo Galdames, Ivan). Univ Talca, Fac Ciencias Salud, Talca, ChileIt is important to identify the origin and distribution of the circumflex femoral arteries (CFA) at the time of vascular reconstructive surgery. The femoral triangle contents in 92 lower extremities of formolized adult male cadavers of different ethnic groups, were dissected uncovering the femoral artery (FA) and its branches originating at the level of the femoral triangle. The origin of each CFA was identified determining the origin type and location. The medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA) originated from the FA in 43 cases (46.7%); from the profunda femoris artery (PFA) in 41 cases (44.6%); from a common trunk formed by the PFA and CFA in 7 cases (7.6%), and in one case (1.1%) from the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA). In 75 cases (81.5%) the MCFA was most proximal than the LCFA, and in 9 cases (9.8%) it originated at the same level. The LCFA originated at the PFA in 68 cases (73.9%); from the FA in 17 cases (18.5%); from a common trunk formed by the PFA and CFA in 7 cases (7.6%). The origin of the LCFA was considered regardless, whether the descending branch originated therein or from the FA. Considering the presence of a number of important elements it is essential to identify the precise origin of the arteries and its eventual variations in procedures carried out in that area

Evaluation of Facial Asymmetry Using Soft-Tissue Thickness for Forensic Purposes

Munoz, SRT (reprint author), Univ Talca, Dept Ciencias Basicas Biomed, Ave Lircay S-N, Talca, Chile. Munoz, SRT (Torres Munoz, Sebastian Rene); Galdames, IS (Suazo Galdames, Ivan)Facial reconstruction for forensic sculpture aims to reproduce the face of an individual for identification. This technique is based on the knowledge of the facial soft-tissue thickness, which differs in terms of sexual dimorphism. However, in terms of asymmetry, the real significance of the soft-tissue thickness on both sides of the face is not considered to make an approximation of the morphofacial characteristics of an individual. This study analyzed the facial tissue thickness of 32 adult Spanish corpses of both sexes in six bilateral cephalometric landmarks through the needle puncture technique, comparing the measurements of right and left sides. No significant differences were found when comparing the soft-tissue thickness on the right and left sides in the total sample (p <0.05), or when comparing the values in men and women (p<0.05). The facial morphology is created by internal and external forces exerted on the soft tissue and influenced by their evolutionary development in vivo, where asymmetry parameters have a genetic and muscular determination, which in normal individuals do not represent a significant difference in the process of reconstruction of forensic sculpture, and can reliably standardize the entire information of facial thickness to the right or left side of the face

Percentage of Lateral Pterygoid Muscle Inserted in the Disc of Human Temporomandibular Joint

Galdames, IS (reprint author), Univ Talca, Ave Lircay S-N Oficina 104, Talca, Chile. Contreras, JT (Tapia Contreras, Jorge); Cantin, M (Cantin, Mario); Zavando, D (Zavando, Daniela); Galdames, IS (Suazu Galdames, Ivan)Insertion of the upper head of the lateral pterygoid (UHLP) in the temporomandibular joint disc (TMJ) has been linked to anterior displacement of the disc and temporomandibular disfunction. The aim of this study was to determine in human adults, the percentage of muscle fiber in the upper head of the lateral pterygoid muscle inserted in the articular disc. A systematic review of the literature was designed beginning with articles published in Medline, Lilacs and Scielo data bases between the years 1990 and 2010. Key words "Lateral Pterygoid Muscle" and Pterygoid Lateral Muscle" were used, and the term MeSH "Pterygoid Muscle" with Boolean OR "Lateral Ptrerygoid Muscle" AND "Insertion" and the free terms "Pterygoid Lateral Muscle Disc Articular" and "Pterygoid lateral Muscle Meniscus". Of the 156 articles obtained and analyzed, 18 articles meeting eligibility criteria were selected. Based on those articles the percentage of insertion of the CSPL in the TMJ disc was evaluated, each one was subsequently assigned a level of evidence according to OCEBM Oxford Centre Evidence Based Medicine. Only four articles answered the research inquiry, three studies were histological and one used imaging techniques with cross section slices with an adequate evidence level (1B). However, results differed with insertion percentages from 2% to 69.8% being reported in the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle in the articular disc

Observation of Sex Chromatin in Exhumed Bones, Evaluation of their Diagnosis Value

Munoz, P (Munoz, Patricia); Roa, I (Roa, Ignacio). Univ Talca, Dept Ciencias Basicas Biomed, Talca, ChileObservation of sexual chromatin has shown to be very helpful in gender forensic diagnosis. In the present study we analyzed the diagnosis performance of the method in, non-treated or treated with conventional bone techniques, exhumed bone pieces. We used long bones of male and female individuals, the method applied is described in Suazo et al. (2010). In the non-treated exhumed pieces, the general accuracy of the method was 75%, while in the treated pieces the method was inapplicable due to the lack of cells in the tissue. Our results suggest that it is possible to determine the sex of aged human bones buried under different conditions through a fast and simple histological method, but the treatment with physical and chemical means eliminates the remaining cells in the bone tissue

Evaluación del Perfil Nasal Mediante Morfometría Geométrica en una Muestra de Población Chilena. Implicancias Clínicas y Forenses

Schilling, A (Schilling, Alejandro). Univ Talca, Talca, ChileThe search of morphological patterns of nasal profile using traditional morphometrics has been the goal of several studies aiming to orient therapeutical planning and forensic techniques such as facial reconstruction. The present study aims to find and describe such patterns with geometric morphometric tools in a sample of Chilean population with geometric morphometric tools. We used the lateral X-rays of 156 individuals (men and women) and 14 landmarks in bone and soft tissues. Procrustes analysis was performed followed by principal component analysis to assess general shape variation, regression of shape components against centroid size to study to allometric effect and discriminant analysis by sex with cross-validation test. Our results show the lack of shape patterns, and that the size, followed by sex, explains within a limited scope the shape changes which suggests the presence of uncontrolled variables and a high effect of inter-individual variation. In general terms bigger profiles, more frequent in men, show a lower Pronasal point, a more prominent nasal dorsum with a thicker layer of soft tissue, and a vertically expanded upper lip. We suggest the reassessment of the importance of individual aesthetic evaluation for clinical purposes, and recommend caution in concluding results based on forensic reconstruction technique

Sex Determination by Observation of Barr Body in Teeth Subjected to High Temperatures

Galdames, IS (reprint author), Univ Talca, Ave Lircay S-N Oficina 104, Valparaiso, Chile.Sex determination is one of the keys in the identification process. A useful histological method for sex determination is the observation of Barr chromatin or Barr body. This study determines the effect of high temperatures on the diagnostic performance of the Barr chromatin observation on teeth. Were used 50 healthy teeth from 25 male and 25 female individuals aged between 14 and 44 years. The teeth were divided into 5 groups (each group with 5 female and 5 male teeth) and were exposed to controlled temperatures of 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 degrees C for 5 minutes. The coronal pulp was obtained and the tissue was processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Four histological slides of male and 4 of female individuals were randomly selected, for each temperature level, which were observed by conventional microscopy at 100X magnification, each showing 50 cells per plate. The presence of 1 cell with visible sex chromatin was considered positive for females. It was only possible to evaluate the samples from groups subjected to 200 and 400 degrees C. In the groups analyzed, the test showed 100% accuracy. The average number of cells found to be positive Barr chromatin was 15 (SD 3.9) at 200 degrees C and 11 (SD 2.8) at 400 degrees C. Hence, it was possible to detect the sex at these temperatures by observing chromatin of the Barr body in dental pulp

Perfil Inmunohistoquímico de los Tipos de Fibras en el Músculo Vocal Humano

Galdames, IS (reprint author), Univ Talca, Escuela Fonoaudiol, Ave Lircay S-N,Oficina 104, Talca, Chile.he vocal muscle is a striated muscle with important functions in the emission of laryngeal sound and physiology of the voice. Therefore the knowledge of its constitution is the basis for the prevention and management of voice disorders. We used 10 samples from the middle third of vocal muscles obtained from autopsies of 6 male and 4 female subjects aged between 36 and 71 years. The samples were analyzed with BA-F8 monoclonal antibody to slow type I fibers, and antimyosin HC monoclonal antibody and antimyosin fast clone MY-32 antibody for types IIA, IIB, IIX, and neonatal fibers. We determined the distribution of the muscle fiber types and morphometric characteristics, evaluating the differences by sex and age group. The human vocal muscle presented a heterogeneous formation with a predominance of type II fibers at 51.99%, while type I fibers reached 48.01%; this difference was significant (p0.05). In conclusion, the human vocal muscle the fibers were predominantly type II fast