Analysis of the collection of public revenue municipalities of the state of Santa Catarina.

A an?lise da arrecada??o da receita municipal em per?odos de crise econ?mica que perpassa no momento atual exp?e a necessidade de pesquisas que investiguem os principais determinantes da arrecada??o e seus impactos na receita p?blica municipal. Contudo, poucos trabalhados buscam um maior entendimento do comportamento das arrecada??es de receitas no Brasil, em especial, a n?vel municipal para o estado de Santa Catarina. Diante disso, o presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar o impacto dos principais determinantes da arrecada??o no intervalo de 2012 a 2015, para os munic?pios catarinenses. Os resultados apontaram uma rela??o positiva entre as receitas tribut?rias e transfer?ncias correntes e a popula??o, o n?mero de empresas e o n?mero de v?nculos empregat?cios, a depender do tipo de receita avaliado. Al?m disso, o valor adicionado na agricultura, quando significativo, se mostrou mais impactante nas receitas dos munic?pios de Santa Cataria do que o de outros setores.The analysis of the collection of the municipal revenue in periods of economic crisis that pervades at the present moment exposes the need for research that investigates the main determinants of the collection and its impacts on the municipal public revenue. However, few workers seek a better understanding of the behavior of revenue collections in Brazil, especially at the municipal level for the state of Santa Catarina. Therefore, the objective of this article is to analyze the impact of the main determinants of collection in the interval between 2012 and 2015 for the municipalities of Santa Catarina. The results showed a positive relation between tax revenues and current transfers and the population, the number of companies and the number of employment bonds, depending on the type of income evaluated. In addition, value added in agriculture, when significant, was more impacting in the revenues of the municipalities of Santa Cataria than in other sectors

Acupuncture and rehabilitation of the painful shoulder: study protocol of an ongoing multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial [ISRCTN28687220]

BACKGROUND: Although the painful shoulder is one of the most common dysfunctions of the locomotor apparatus, and is frequently treated both at primary healthcare centres and by specialists, little evidence has been reported to support or refute the effectiveness of the treatments most commonly applied. According to the bibliography reviewed, physiotherapy, which is the most common action taken to alleviate this problem, has not yet been proven to be effective, because of the small size of sample groups and the lack of methodological rigor in the papers published on the subject. No reviews have been made to assess the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating this complaint, but in recent years controlled randomised studies have been made and these demonstrate an increasing use of acupuncture to treat pathologies of the soft tissues of the shoulder. In this study, we seek to evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy applied jointly with acupuncture, compared with physiotherapy applied with a TENS-placebo, in the treatment of painful shoulder caused by subacromial syndrome (rotator cuff tendinitis and subacromial bursitis). METHODS/DESIGN: Randomised controlled multicentre study with blind evaluation by an independent observer and blind, independent analysis. A study will be made of 465 patients referred to the rehabilitation services at participating healthcare centres, belonging to the regional public health systems of Andalusia and Murcia, these patients presenting symptoms of painful shoulder and a diagnosis of subacromial syndrome (rotator cuff tendinitis and subacromial bursitis). The patients will be randomised into two groups: 1) experimental (acupuncture + physiotherapy); 2) control (TENS-placebo + physiotherapy); the administration of rescue medication will also be allowed. The treatment period will have a duration of three weeks. The main result variable will be the change produced on Constant's Shoulder Function Assessment (SFA) Scale; as secondary variables, we will record the changes in diurnal pain intensity on a visual analogue scale (VAS), nocturnal pain intensity on the VAS, doses of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) taken during the study period, credibility scale for the treatment, degree of improvement perceived by the patient and degree of improvement perceived by the evaluator. A follow up examination will be made at 3, 6 and 12 months after the study period has ended. Two types of population will be considered for analysis: per protocol and per intention to treat. DISCUSSION: The discussion will take into account the limitations of the study, together with considerations such as the choice of a simple, safe method to treat this shoulder complaint, the choice of the control group, and the blinding of the patients, evaluators and those responsible for carrying out the final analysis

Lessons from non-canonical splicing

Recent improvements in experimental and computational techniques that are used to study the transcriptome have enabled an unprecedented view of RNA processing, revealing many previously unknown non-canonical splicing events. This includes cryptic events located far from the currently annotated exons and unconventional splicing mechanisms that have important roles in regulating gene expression. These non-canonical splicing events are a major source of newly emerging transcripts during evolution, especially when they involve sequences derived from transposable elements. They are therefore under precise regulation and quality control, which minimizes their potential to disrupt gene expression. We explain how non-canonical splicing can lead to aberrant transcripts that cause many diseases, and also how it can be exploited for new therapeutic strategies