The trigger and data acquisition system of the FASER experiment

Abstract The FASER experiment is a new small and inexpensive experiment that is placed 480 meters downstream of the ATLAS experiment at the CERN LHC. FASER is designed to capture decays of new long-lived particles, produced outside of the ATLAS detector acceptance. These rare particles can decay in the FASER detector together with about 500–1000 Hz of other particles originating from the ATLAS interaction point. A very high efficiency trigger and data acquisition system is required to ensure that the physics events of interest will be recorded. This paper describes the trigger and data acquisition system of the FASER experiment and presents performance results of the system acquired during initial commissioning.</jats:p

The FASER Detector

FASER, the ForwArd Search ExpeRiment, is an experiment dedicated to searching for light, extremely weakly-interacting particles at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Such particles may be produced in the very forward direction of the LHC's high-energy collisions and then decay to visible particles inside the FASER detector, which is placed 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction point, aligned with the beam collisions axis. FASER also includes a sub-detector, FASER$\nu$, designed to detect neutrinos produced in the LHC collisions and to study their properties. In this paper, each component of the FASER detector is described in detail, as well as the installation of the experiment system and its commissioning using cosmic-rays collected in September 2021 and during the LHC pilot beam test carried out in October 2021. FASER will start taking LHC collision data in 2022, and will run throughout LHC Run 3

PERTUSSIS IN ADULTS IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS

Pertussis (whooping cough) is a highly contagious upper respiratory tract infection, caused by Bordetella pertussis. This disease is particularly serious in infants, mostly in those younger than 6 months that have not, or only partially, been vaccinated. Since the introduction of a global anti- B. pertussis vaccination program, the incidence of pertussis has considerably decreased in the past few decades. In Switzerland, global letality rate is 0.05 deaths/1000 cases. This rate is four time higher in children from 0-5 years old (0.2 deaths/1000 cases), and even greater in infants under 3 months (10 deaths/1000 cases). (1) Causative agent of pertussis, Bordetella pertussis, is a gram-negative coccobacillus, whose humans are the only known reservoir. B. pertussis is spread by airborne droplets and binds to the epithelial cells of the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles thanks to its virulence factors. These include filamentous hemaglutinin, an adhesin that promotes adhesion to ciliated respiratory epithelial cells and phagocytosis by macrophages in view to upgrade bacterial survival, Pertussis toxin, a factor promoting systemic effects, such as lymphocytosis and adenylate cyclase toxin, inhibing anti-bacterial functions of innate cells. (2